益害比及花粉存在对江原钝绥螨和柑橘全爪螨种群动态的影响
2021-03-12赵文娟夏爽郑薇薇张宏宇
赵文娟 夏爽 郑薇薇 张宏宇



摘要 :研究了在以不同益害比释放江原钝绥螨的情况下,益害比及花粉存在对江原钝绥螨捕食效果的影响。结果表明,当柑橘全爪螨平均每片叶低于5头时,按益害比1∶10和1∶20的比例释放江原钝绥螨,当平均每片叶柑橘全爪螨多于5头时,按益害比1∶5释放江原钝绥螨,可将柑橘全爪螨数量控制在经济阈值以下。花粉的存在能减缓猎物密度下降对江原钝绥螨生长发育的抑制,当主要猎物缺乏时,花粉作为江原钝绥螨的替代食物,对其维持种群数量有着重要作用。
关键词 :江原钝绥螨; 柑橘全爪螨; 益害比; 花粉; 生物防治
中图分类号:
S 476文献标识码: A
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019574
Effects of predatory mitepest mite ratio and pollen presence on population dynamics of Amblyseius eharai and Panonychus citri
ZHAO Wenjuan#, XIA Shuang#, ZHENG Weiwei*, ZHANG Hongyu*
(Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, college of Plant Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of
Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)
Abstract :The effects ofpredatory mitepest mite ratio and pollen on the predation effect of Amblyseius eharai Amitai on Panonychus citri McGregor were studied by using different ratios of A.eharai to P.citri. The results showed that, when the average number of P.citri was less than five per leaf, the ratio of predatory mites to pest mites was 1∶10 and 1∶20. In contrast, when the average number of P.citri per leaf was more than five, the number of P.citri could be kept below the economic threshold at a release ratio of 1∶5. The presence of pollen could slow down the inhibition of the growth and development of A.eharai when the prey density declined. Additionally, pollen is a critical alternative food for A.eharai when there is a lack of the main prey, which plays an important role in maintaining the population of A.eharai.
Key words :Amblyseius eharai; Panonychus citri; predatory mitepest mite ratio; pollen; biological control
柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri McGregor是世界性的柑橘害螨[14],广泛分布于我国各柑橘种植区,是我国柑橘园最重要的害虫之一,生产上造成的损失可达30%[5]。随着近年来化学农药的广泛使用,尤其是对高毒化学农药的不合理使用,害虫的抗药性不断提高,导致原本是次要害虫的柑橘全爪螨上升为主要害虫[6]。
生物防治作为一种安全、无污染的防治手段日益受到重视[7]。利用捕食螨控制害螨成为近年来柑橘害螨绿色防控的重要措施[89]。在10年生結果树上,当柑橘全爪螨平均每叶2头左右时,每株释放200~300头德氏钝绥螨Amblyseius deleoni Muma et Denmark,10 d内柑橘全爪螨密度下降[10]。有研究发现巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri Hyghes在28℃时对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch卵的日取食量高达20.811 4粒[11]。同时,有研究结果显示加州新小绥螨N.californicus McGregor对朱砂叶螨T.cinnabarinus Boisduval卵、幼螨、若螨的日取食量分别为27.0粒、18.9头以及18.5头,针对害螨防治具有重要研究应用价值[12]。……
