李婷 孙颖

[摘要]目的：調查榆林贫困地区儿童龋病发生情况，分析儿童龋病对牙颌面畸形的影响。方法：随机抽样法抽取榆林贫困地区4 115名6～12岁儿童，调查患龋和牙颌面畸形发生情况，分析龋病与牙颌面畸形的相关性。结果：榆林贫困地区儿童龋病患病率为52.61%，6～8岁组、9～11岁组，12岁组患龋率分别为58.88%、65.94%、40.49%，充填率分别为9.18%、5.34%、5.22%。留守儿童患龋率、龋均、龋失补指数（Decayed，missing and filled teeth，DMFT）及龋病活跃性检测（Caries activity test，CAT）高于非留守儿童（P<0.05），充填率低于非留守儿童（P<0.05）。牙颌面畸形检出率71.96%，单因素分析结果显示：年龄、出生体重、难产、喂养方式、断奶时间、不良口腔习惯、慢性支气管肺病史、龋病、龋齿填充、龋均、DMFT、CAT与榆林贫困地区儿童牙颌面畸形有关（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示不良口腔习惯、龋病、DMFT与榆林贫困地区儿童发生牙颌面畸形独立相关（P<0.05）。结论：榆林贫困地区6～12岁儿童龋病发生率较高，且随着年龄增长患病风险逐渐增高。龋病、因龋牙齿丢失是发生牙颌面畸形的主要原因之一。

[关键词]龋病;充填率;龋均;龋失补指数;龋病活跃性检测;牙颌面畸形

[中图分类号]R788+.1    [文献标志码]A    [文章编号]1008-6455（2021）01-0132-04

Caries Rate of Children in Poor Area of Yulin and Its Effect on Dental Maxillofacial Deformities

LI Ting，SUN Ying

（Department of Stomatology，Yulin First Hospital，Yulin 719000，Shaanxi，China）

Abstract： Objective To investigate the prevalence of dental caries in children in Yu Lin poverty-stricken areas and analyze the effect of dental caries on dentofacial deformities. Methods The prevalence of dental caries and dentofacial deformities in 4 115 children aged 6 to 12 years in Yu Lin poverty-stricken areas were investigated by random sampling， and the correlation between dental caries and dentofacial deformities was analyzed. Results The prevalence of dental caries among children in Yu Lin poverty-stricken areas was 52.61%.The caries rates of 6-8 years old group and 9-11 years old group were 58.88%、65.94% and 40.49% respectively， and the filling rates were 9.18%、5.34%and 5.22% respectively. The caries rate， caries average， DMFT and CAT of the left behind children were higher than those of the non left behind children （P<0.05）， and the filling rate was lower than that of the non left behind children （P<0.05）.The detection rate of dentofacial deformities was71.96%. Univariate analysis showed that age， birth weight， dystocia， feeding patterns， weaning time， bad oral habits， history of chronic bronchopulmonary disease， caries， caries filling， caries average， DMFT and CAT were associated with dentofacial deformities in children in Yu lin poverty-stricken areas （P<0.05）.Logistic regression analysis showed that bad dental habits， dental caries and DMFT were independently associated with dentofacial deformities in children in Yulin poverty-stricken areas （P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of dental caries in children aged 6-12 years in Yulin poverty-stricken areas is higher， and the risk is increasing with age. Dental caries and loss of dental caries are the main causes of dentofacial deformities.

Key words： caries; filling rate; average caries; DMFT; CAT; dentofacial deformities

龋病是儿童常见口腔疾病，世界范围内学龄儿童龋病患病率60%～90%[1]。我国第四次口腔健康流行病学调查结果显示5岁儿童乳牙患龋率为70.9%[2]。龋病严重影响儿童口腔美观和口颌面生长发育，如果乳牙深龋得不到及时治疗可导致牙体组织缺损、牙列生理间隙丢失、牙髓、根尖周及颌面间隙感染，严重者可致乳牙过早丢失、牙列畸形和后续恒牙萌出障碍等不良结果[3-4]。为了解榆林贫困地区儿童龋病发生情况，并探讨龋病与牙颌面畸形相关性，本研究对榆林贫困地区4 115名儿童进行龋病患病和口颌面畸形状况调查，以期为龋病和牙颌面畸形的预防提供指标，现将结果报道如下。

1  对象和方法

1.1 调查对象：采用随机抽样法调查2018年12月-2019年9月榆林贫困地区榆阳、米脂、横山、清涧县区的4 115名6～12岁城乡长期居住儿童（当地居住>6个月），其中男童2 194名、女童1 921名，年龄6～8岁1 002名，9～11岁1 236名，12岁1 877名，留守儿童1 687名，非留守儿童2 428名，均为汉族。根……