余佳

摘 要：利用多普勒天气雷达资料和黄花机场自动观测资料，对黄花机场的多次阵风锋过程进行综合分析。结果表明：冷空气外流的强度与环境风的大小共同决定了阵风锋出现在母体的方位以及移动方向。阵风锋与雷暴母体的距离可作为一个研究阵风锋与雷暴母体的重要参数。两条阵风锋相遇时，碰撞越激烈，造成的对流发展也越迅速和猛烈。最强回波出现在两条阵风锋交汇线沿着移动方向的前端处。阵风锋本身的强度并不能反映风速的大小，其后部的速度图确能准确地反映风速的大小。同时，阵风锋的移速、形态也有助于粗略判断其后跟随的风速大小。

关键词：阵风锋;冷空气外流;阵风锋交汇;低空风切变

中图分类号：P441     文献标识码：A     文章编号：1003-5168（2021）36-0137-04

Analysis of Doppler Radar Characteristics of Weather Process of Multiple Gust Fronts in Huanghua Airport

YU Jia

（Meteorological Office of Hunan ATM Sub-bureau，Changsha Hunan 410000）

Abstract：The process of multiple gust fronts in Huanghua Airport is comprehensively analyzed by using Doppler weather radar data and automatic observation data of Huanghua Airport.The results show that the intensity of cold air outflow and the size of ambient wind jointly determine the orientation and moving direction of gust front in the parent body.The distance between gust front and thunderstorm matrix can be used as an important parameter to study gust front and thunderstorm matrix. When two gust fronts meet， the more intense the collision， the more rapid and violent the development of convection.The strongest echo appears at the front end of the intersection line of two gust fronts along the moving direction.The intensity of gust front itself can not reflect the size of wind speed， and the velocity diagram at the back can accurately reflect the size of wind speed.At the same time， the moving speed and shape of gust front can also help us roughly judge the following wind speed.

Keywords：gust front; cold air outflow; gust front intersection; low level wind shear

對流风暴中由降水导致的下沉气流将环境较干的空气夹卷进去，致使降水粒子因蒸发或升华剧烈降温，进而导致雷暴内下沉气流温度远低于环境温度，落地时形成冷池冷池向四周流出的强烈出流的前缘，称为阵风锋。

阵风锋回波与灾害性大风的研究已经成为短时临近预报的重要课题。根据Wilson等的统计，1984年5—8月，科罗拉多州山区的653个对流风暴中，有79%是由雷达观测到的边界层辐合线触发的。在71%的个例中，辐合线的相交激发了新生风暴或加强了已经生成的风暴[1]。Wilson等对边界层辐合线、对流风暴的触发、组织和生命史等开展了相关的研究，做出了系统性的总结[2-3]。以上研究表明，阵风锋作为边界层辐合线的重要种类之一，在雷暴生成、发展和衰减过程中发挥着重要作用。……