曹莉

摘 要 目的：了解社区HPV疫苗接種女性对于宫颈癌防治知识的认知情况，为拟定宫颈癌的社区防治策略提供参考。方法：于2019年10-12月在上海市虹口区某社区卫生服务中心疫苗接种门诊对接种HPV疫苗的女性进行问卷调查，调查对象年龄为16～41岁，平均年龄（25.63±5.42）岁。共获有效问卷126份。结果：126名调查对象中，总体知晓率为62.70%。不同年龄组的总体知晓率差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。已婚女性、机关事业及专业技术人员、高收入女性的认知程度高于未婚女性、无业人员、低收入女性，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。96.83%的调查对象认为宫颈癌的发生与HPV密切相关，但仅有24.60%的调查对象知道HPV病毒的分型与宫颈疾病的关系；有59.52%的调查对象知道宫颈癌筛查；只有19.84%的调查对象认为HPV疫苗接种后仍需要进行常规宫颈癌筛查。结论：尽管HPV疫苗接种女性对HPV与宫颈癌的关系认识程度较高，但在宫颈癌筛查相关问题回答正确率普遍偏低，且很多人误认为HPV疫苗接种一劳永逸，不需要再进行宫颈癌筛查。提示应提高宫颈癌防治知识宣教的覆盖面，提高宫颈癌疫苗接种率和宫颈癌筛查普及率。

关键词 HPV疫苗；社区；宫颈癌；防治知识

中图分类号：R186 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2021）02-0035-04

Awareness of cervical cancer prevention and treatment among women vaccinated with human papilloma virus vaccine in a community in Shanghai

CAO Li（Department of Gynecology of Beiwaitan Community Health Service Center of Hongkou District， Shanghai 200080， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To understand the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and treatment among women vaccinated with human papilloma virus（HPV） vaccine in the community to provide a reference for the community prevention and treatment strategy of cervical cancer. Methods： A questionnaire survey was conducted among women vaccinated against HPV vaccine at the vaccination clinic of a community health service center in Hongkou District， Shanghai from October to December 2019. The age of the survey subjects ranged from 16 to 41 years old， with an average age of （25.63±5.42） years old. A total of 126 valid questionnaires were obtained. Results： Among 126 respondents， the overall awareness rate was 62.70%. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall awareness rate of different age groups（P<0.01）. The cognitive level of married women， government， professional and technical personnel and high-income women was higher than that of unmarried， unemployed and low-income women（P<0.01）， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. 96.83% of the respondents believed that the occurrence of cervical cancer was closely related to HPV， but only 24.60% of the respondents knew the relationship between HPV typing and cervical diseases； 59.52% of the respondents knew cervical cancer screening； only 19.84% of survey respondents believed that routine cervical cancer screening was still needed after HPV vaccination. Conclusion： Although HPV vaccination women have a high level of understanding of the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer， but the correct answers to questions related to cervical cancer screening are generally low， and many people mistakenly believe that HPV vaccination is done once and for all and that cervical cancer screening is unnecessary. It is suggested that the coverage of cervical cancer prevention and treatment knowledge should be improved， and the coverage rate of cervical cancer vaccination and cervical cancer screening should be increased.

我国HPV疫苗逐渐普及和社区HPV疫苗预防接种的推进，为宫颈癌筛查工作的推广提供了良好契机。一方面，疫苗的普及化使社区女性更加关注宫颈癌及相关危险因素；另一方面，社区定点接种的制度使社区有机会在提供疫苗接种服务的同时向女性群体宣传其他防治相关知识。社区卫生服务中心可借助疫苗接种工作，向接种女性（或有意愿接种女性）传播宫颈癌的早期防治知识及宫颈癌筛查的重要性，以期提高女性对宫颈癌筛查的接受及重视程度。

作为社区居民健康守门人，社区卫生服务中心在宫颈癌防治的健康教育和健康促进方面承担着重要的责任。如何更好地普及宫颈癌防治相关知识，提高HPV疫苗接种率和宫颈癌筛查率是社区在宫颈癌防治工作中发挥重要作用的关键。本次调查结果显示，绝大多数（95.24%）的调查对象希望了解宫颈癌防治相关知识，提示HPV疫苗接种女性对于宫颈癌防治知识有着较高的需求，社区卫生服务中心需在健康教育内容和传播方式上进行创新。……