建宁县杂交水稻轻简制种技术推广与应用
2021-02-03范亦新
范亦新
摘要:为了加快现代种业发展,本文研究分析了建宁县杂交水稻轻简制种技术推广与应用情况。研究表明:主要推广应用机育、机插、机防、机收、机烘等全程轻简制种技术,降低生产成本,提高制种产量和种子质量,提高经济、社会和生态效益,促进了全县种子产业发展、农业增效、农民增收和农业农村经济持续健康稳定发展。
关键词:建宁县;杂交水稻;轻简制种技术;推广;应用
中图分类号:S3-33文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas2020030062
Promotion and Application of Simple Seed Production Technology of Hybrid Rice in Jianning County
Fan Yixin
(Sanming Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China)
Abstract: To speed up the development of modern seed industry, the author studied the promotion and application of simple seed production technology (SPT) of hybrid rice in Jianning Country. The results show that the promotion and application of simple SPT are mainly throughout the process of breeding, planting, guarding, harvesting and drying by means of machines so as to cut the production cost and improve the yield of seed production and the quality of seeds. The simple SPT could not only improve the economic, social and ecological benefits, but also promote the development of seed industry, agricultural efficiency and farmers’income of the county as well as the sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy.
Keywords: Jianning County; Hybrid rice; Simple SPT; Promotion; Application
0引言
2016年至2018年,建宁县杂交水稻制种组合每年均超过300多个,生产杂交水稻种子大于9000万kg,主要供给浙江、江西等南方16个省区和出口到越南、孟加拉等东南亚国家,为稳定国家及世界粮食安全生产做出了积极贡献[1]。
随着农村劳动力大量转移,制种劳动力缺乏,用工成本大幅增加,成为制约杂交水稻制种生产持续发展的主要原因[2-3]。为加快发展现代农业,推动种子产业发展,2016年以来,建宁县农业科技人员经过研究,推广应用机育、机插、机防、机收、机烘等全程机械化轻简制种技术,降低制种生产成本,提高制种产量和种子质量,提高经济收益,是确保该县国家种子生产基地和中国稻种基地健康持续稳定发展的有效途径[4]。本文研究分析了建宁县杂交水稻制种推广应用“制种母本机收机插、植保无人机专业化统防统治防控、烤房烘干种子、母本授粉后适时割除父本”等4项核心新技术的情况,解决了农村制种劳动力严重不足的问题和种子成熟后未能及时收割、烘干的难题,提高制种病虫害防治效率、效果,减少农药使用量,降低生产成本,提高生产效益,实现种子产业快速发展。……
