张霞，李健，潘孝青，邵乐，秦枫，翟频，杨杰

摘要：近年来，中国家兔养殖业规模化、集约化程度越来越高，粪污尤其是污液的处理已成为制约家兔养殖业可持续发展的重要因素。本研究采用异位发酵技术处理兔场污液，通过测定垫料理化特性，评价应用效果。结果表明，发酵床在停止添加污液后再持续发酵22 d，垫料中有机质、全氮、五氧化二磷、氧化钾含量，砷、铬、铅、汞及镉的含量均符合《畜禽粪便堆肥技术规范》（NY/T 3442-2019）对堆肥产物质量的要求。异位发酵与氧化塘处理相比，污液在集污池内存储时间缩短为21～28 d，周转时间（21～28 d）远低于氧化塘法所需的90 d，且集污池容积仅为氧化塘容积的1/3，大幅减少了建造成本。发酵后的垫料便于堆放和进行远距离运输，且在应用中受作物种植季节与地域环境影响少，克服了规模养殖场需配备土地的限制。

关键词：规模兔场;污液;异位发酵

中图分类号：X713文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-4440（2021）06-1471-05

Application of ectopic fermentation technology for sewage treatment large-scale rabbit farm

ZHANG Xia，LI Jian，PAN Xiao-qing，SHAO Le，QIN Feng，ZHAI Pin 1，2，YANG Jie

（Institute of Animal Science， Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Nanjing 210014， China）

Abstract：In recent years， the scale and intensive degree of rabbit industry in China is getting higher and higher. The treatment of sewage has become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of rabbit industry. In this study， ectopic fermentation technology was used to treat sewage of rabbit farm. The physical and chemical properties of fermented bedding materials were measured， and the application effect of ectopic fermentation technology was evaluated. The results showed that the contents of organic matter， total nitrogen， P2O5， K2O， As， Cr， Pb， Hg and Cd in bedding materials， on 22 days after the last addition of sewage， met the quality requirements of compost products in NY/T 3442-2019. Compared with the treatment in the oxidation pond， the storage time of sewage collection pool in an ectopic fermentation system was shortened to 21-28 d， and the storage time of oxidation pond treatment was 90 days. The volume of sewage collection pool in an ectopic fermentation system was 1/3 of that in the oxidation pond system， so the construction cost was greatly reduced. The ectopic fermented bedding material is convenient for stacking and long-distance transport， and is less affected by crop planting season and regional environment in application. The ectopic fermentation system overcomes the limitation that large-scale farms need to be equipped with large area land.

Key words：large-scale rabbit farm;sewage;ectopic fermentation

近年來，中国家兔养殖业规模化、集约化程度越来越高，显著提高了养殖效益，有效促进了产业发展[1]。但家兔养殖产生的粪污越来越集中，成为影响当地环境的重要污染源，对周边居民的日常生活环境及身体健康带来一定的危害和威胁[2]。规模兔场每只成年家兔每天产新鲜兔粪的质量约为100～150 g，每天的排尿质量约是排粪质量的2倍，约200～300 ml[3]。中国家兔2020年出栏约3.19×108只，粪污综合处理已逐渐成为制约家兔产业可持续发展的重要环境因素[1]。

目前，国内规模兔场的兔粪主要通过堆肥发酵的方式处理，生产有机肥，技术较为成熟，已在大多数养兔场应用[1-2]。……