任艳华，张隽美，卢荣华，曹香林，张玉茹

摘要：集约化养殖模式下，由饲料营养和养殖模式等因素引发的鱼类营养代谢性疾病频繁发生，已经严重危害了水产养殖业的健康可持续发展，鱼类营养代谢性疾病的防治迫在眉睫。目前，鱼类营养代谢性疾病的研究多集中在发病的原因、症状及调控疾病发生的相关基因表达和功能等方面，但仍需对相关研究进行深入系统的总结和分析。为了明晰导致营养代谢性疾病的具体原因，本文从诱发营养代谢性疾病的环境因素和关键遗传基因着手，对鱼类营养代谢性疾病的类型、诱因、防治措施和未来研究方向进行综述，以期为鱼类营养代谢性疾病的防治提供参考。

关键词：鱼类;代谢性疾病;营养;基因

中图分类号：S941.7文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-4440（2021）06-1623-07

Research progress on fish nutritional metabolic diseases

REN Yan-hua，ZHANG Jun-mei，LU Rong-hua，CAO Xiang-lin，ZHANG Yu-ru

（College of Fisheries， Henan Normal University， Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation， Xinxiang 453007， China）

Abstract：In the mode of intensive cultivation， fish nutritional metabolic diseases caused by factors such as feed nutrition and breeding mode occurred frequently， which have made serious endangerment to healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture industry， so it’s imminent to prevent and control nutritional and metabolic diseases in fishes. At present， most studies on nutritional and metabolic diseases of fishes focus on the causes of pathogenesis， symptoms， as well as expression and function of genes involved in disease regulation， but it is still necessary to summarize and analyze related research in-depth and systematically. To make clear specific causes of nutritional and metabolic diseases， this paper summarized types， causes， prevention and control measures， as well as future research directions of fish nutritional and metabolic diseases from the aspects of environmental factors and key genetic genes which induced nutritional and metabolic diseases， so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of nutritional and metabolic diseases in fishes.

Key words：fishes;metabolic diseases;nutrition;gene

中國已成为世界第一渔业生产大国、水产品贸易大国和主要远洋渔业国家。但是，在中国养殖渔业迅猛发展的同时，集约化养殖鱼类普遍存在脂肪过度蓄积、瘦肌病和脂肪肝等营养代谢性疾病，严重制约了渔业的可持续发展[1-2]。据报道，草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）、罗非鱼（Oreochroms mossambcus）、牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）等养殖鱼类摄食高能量饲料后，均会出现肝胰脏和肠系膜脂肪大量蓄积的现象[3]，进而导致脂代谢紊乱、免疫系统功能下降、水产品口感和营养价值变差等问题[4]。因此，如何有效地防治鱼类营养代谢性疾病迫在眉睫。

鱼类营养代谢性疾病是指因鱼体内各种营养素过多、过少或不平衡而导致机体营养过剩、缺乏或代谢异常而造成的一类疾病。……