阮思越，何晓明，张玲，梁政渊，邹温馨，王兴邦，杨怀玉，刘敦一，张务帅，陈新平

摘要：以小麦品种良星99为材料，采用长期定位大田试验田研究了5个不同施氮水平下各个时期小麦植株的锌营养状况和氮素调控对植株锌转运与分配的影响。结果表明，增加施氮量显著提高小麦植株在各生育期锌的含量和累积量，在不同器官中锌含量和锌累积量均随施氮量的增加而提高。在收获期，锌主要集中在籽粒中，约占植株锌累积量的70%，茎和叶中比例依次下降。施氮量对锌的收获指数及开花后锌的转运量没有显著影响。在优化施氮水平处理下，小麦籽粒锌含量超过40 mg/kg，达到了以小麦为主要粮食作物的人群锌营养和健康要求的范围。

关键词：小麦;锌;养分优化管理模式;氮锌协同

中图分类号：S512.1+10.62文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-4440（2021）06-1436-07

Effects of optimized nitrogen regulation on zinc accumulation and transport in wheat

RUAN Si-yue1，HE Xiao-ming1，ZHANG Ling2，LIANG Zheng-yuan2，ZOU Wen-xin1，WANG Xing-bang2，YANG Huai-yu1，LIU Dun-yi1，ZHANG Wu-shuai1，CHEN Xin-ping1

（1.College of Resources and Environment， Southwest University， Chongqing 400715， China;2.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences， China Agricultural University， Beijing 100083， China）

Abstract：In the long-term field experiment， LX99 was used as the material to study the effects of under five zinc nutritional status and nitrogen regulation in wheat plants at different stages on zinc transport and distribution under five nitrogen levels. The results showed that zinc content and accumulation of wheat plants at all growth stages were significantly increased by increasing nitrongen application rate. The content and accumulation of zinc in different organs of wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. At the harvest stage， zinc was mainly concentrated in grains， accounting for about 70%， followed by stems and leaves. However， nitrogen application rate had no significant effect on zinc harvest index and zinc transport after flowering. The content of zinc in wheat grain under the optimal nitrogen application level was more than 40 mg/kg， which met the requirements of zinc nutrition and health for the population with wheat as the main food.

Key words：wheat;zinc;nutrient optimal management;nitrogen zinc coordination

锌（Zn）是植物生长发育必需的17种营养元素之一 ，也是人体正常生长发育所需的微量元素之一[1-5]。锌作为多种酶的组分广泛地参与各种代谢活动，锌营养不足会引起生长发育停滞、智力和免疫力下降等问题，锌摄取量不足会导致免疫功能障碍、性腺发育不良、认知功能障碍以及腹泻、肺炎等疾病[6-9]。小麦是中国的三大粮食作物之一，在中国居民日常所需的锌中20%以上由小麦及小麦制品提供[4，10-12]。据有关研究结果，中国主要麦区的春、冬小麦籽粒锌平均含量仅约为30 mg/kg，不足以满足人体正常的锌营养需求[4，10-13]。

前人研究结果表明，氮肥用量显著影响小麦、玉米等作物对锌的吸收与累积[14-21]。……