李祥，易中群

[摘    要]作为电子工业的基础，PCB板的设计以及质量直接影响到整个电子产品的成本和质量，而当前电子行业正在朝向高精密度、智能化的方向发展，电子组装元件也变得愈发微型化和密集化，因此对于PCB生产线的检测也提出了更高的要求。当前，AOI自动光学检测仪逐渐取代了误判率高、检测难度大的人工目检，已经广泛应用于工业、农业以及生物医学等精密制造和组装行业当中。AOI自动光学检测以光学部分和图形处理部分为主要技术核心，以强大的软件支持为辅助，建立在高速高精密度视觉处理技术之上，在进行PCB生产线检测时，能够尽早发现问题实现快速反馈，从而达到避免高额修复成本，确保出厂质量和出厂效率的目的。

[关键词]高精密度;视觉处理技术;AOI;PCB

[中图分类号]TP273 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]2095–6487（2021）12–00–03

Application of AOI Automatic Optical Detector Based

on High-precision Visual Processing Technology

Li Xiang，Yi Zhong-qun

[Abstract]As the basis of the electronics industry， the design and quality of PCB boards directly affect the cost and quality of the entire electronic products. The current electronics industry is developing towards high precision and intelligence， and electronic assembly components are becoming more and more miniature. Therefore， higher requirements are also put forward for the inspection of PCB production lines. At present， AOI automatic optical detectors have gradually replaced manual visual inspections with high misjudgment rate and difficult detection， and have been widely used in precision manufacturing and assembly industries such as industry， agriculture， and biomedicine. AOI automatic optical inspection takes the optical part and the graphics processing part as the main technical core， assisted by powerful software support， and is based on high-speed and high-precision visual processing technology. During PCB production line inspection， problems can be found as early as possible and rapid Feedback， so as to achieve the purpose of avoiding high repair costs and ensuring the quality and efficiency of the factory.

[Keywords]high precision; vision processing technology; AOI; PCB

早期的PCB生產过程中人工目检配合电检是主要的检测手段，但在人工检查的过程中很容易受到疲劳和主观影响而造成错误的判断，而采用电检技术不仅需要烦琐的程序编制，在成本输出上也难以实现有效控制。尤其随着PCB布线密度的提升以及SMT的微型化和高密度化，统一的人工目检和电检已经难以满足检测速率和效率的更高需求。AI光学自动检测一种新型检测技术，建立在光学原理之上，能够对PCB板上各种常见缺陷进行系统性检测，在印刷质量、贴装质量以及焊点质量的检测上效果十分明显。随着高精度视觉处理技术在AOI自动光学检测仪的应用，检测范围更是实现了低密度大尺寸板到细间距高密度板的覆盖，实现了PCBA生产过程的良好控制。……