摘 要 皂角抗逆性强，适用范围广，且具有较高的经济价值，是困难立地绿化造林的先锋树种。文章针对辽西北特点，开展了吸水剂应用、不同造林方式和时间、不同立地条件造林试验。结果表明：皂角造林时应用吸水剂可以显著提高成活率，其中吸水剂泥浆蘸根的方式造林成活率最高，可达91.3%;容器苗造林也可显著提高皂角造林成活率，较裸根苗提高12.4个百分点;不同季节以雨季造林成活率最高，但差异不显著;不同立地条件以中上坡、土壤肥沃的阳坡造林效果最佳。

关键词 辽西北;皂角;荒山造林

中图分类号：S728.1       文献标识码：A   doi：10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2021.06.012

Abstract  Gleditsia japonica  is a pioneer tree species for afforestation in difficult sites because of its strong resistance，wide application range & high economic value. According to the characteristics of Northwest Liaoning Province，afforestation experiments of water absorbent application，different afforestation methods，afforestation time and different site conditions were conducted. Result shows that the application of water absorbent in afforestation of  Gleditsia japonica  can significantly improve the survival rate，in which the survival rate of afforestation with water absorbent mud dipped in the root is the highest，up to 91.3%;the survival rate of container seedlings of  Gleditsia japonica  is 12.4% higher than that of bare root seedlings. The survival rate of container seedlings of  Gleditsia japonica  is the highest in rainy season，but the difference is not significant;the optimal afforestation effect of  Gleditsia japonica  is on the sunny slope with middle and upper slope and thick soil.

Key words Northwest Liaoning Province; Gleditsia japonica ;afforestation on barren mountain

皂角 （Gleditsia japonica ）是豆科（Leguminosae）皂荚属（ Gleditsia ）落叶乔木，又名皂荚、胰皂、乌犀、悬刀、鸡栖子。其木材坚硬、纹理细腻、耐磨耐腐，为车辆、家具及建筑等用材。荚果富含胰皂素，是很好的天然植物洗涤剂。种仁可食，富含蛋白质及多种维生素。荚果、皂刺及种子均可入药，有祛痰通窍、镇咳利尿、消肿排脓、杀虫治癣之效[1]。皂角是深根性树种，根系发达，具有较强的耐旱、耐瘠薄和耐轻度盐碱的能力，适应范围极广，是困难立地绿化造林的先锋树种，也是营造农田防护林的优势树种，具有极高的经济、生态复合价值，应用前景十分广阔。虽然皂角抗逆性强，对立地条件要求不高，但不同的生长环境其长势有所差别。辽西北地区气候干旱，立地条件相对较差，成为影响当地绿化造林的重要因素之一[2]。因此，开展皂角荒山造林试验十分必要。

1 试验区自然概况

试验地位于国有阜新蒙古族自治县牤牛河林场，地处努鲁尔虎山余脉，属低山丘陵区，半干旱大陆性季风气候，春夏季多西南风，秋冬季多西北风，春秋干旱少雨，大陆性气候特征明显，四季分明。……