妊娠合并血小板减少的病因及母婴结局分析
2021-01-19崔金晖李萍欧阳丽萍李玲孟召然范建辉
崔金晖?李萍?欧阳丽萍?李玲?孟召然?范建辉



【摘要】目的 探討妊娠合并血小板减少(PT)的病因及母婴结局。方法 收集228例PT患者,其中血小板(51 ~ 100)×109/L为轻度组,血小板(30 ~ 50)×109/L为中度组,血小板< 30×109/L为重度组,比较3组患者的病因和母婴结局的差异。结果 228例PT孕妇中,轻度血小板减少159例(69.8%),中度血小板减少33例(14.5%),重度血小板减少36例(15.8%)。主要病因有妊娠相关性血小板减少症(63.6%)、特发性血小板减少性紫癜(11.8%)、HELLP综合征(3.9%)、SLE(3.9%)和子痫前期-子痫(2.2%)。轻度组、中度组和重度组的妊娠丢失、早产、产后出血、新生儿血小板减少的发生率及分娩孕周比较差异均有统计学意义(P均< 0.05),其中重度组的妊娠丢失率、早产率、产后出血率均高于轻度组,分娩孕周短于轻度组(P均< 0.017)。结论 PT的病因复杂多样,病因多见妊娠相关性血小板减少症、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、HELLP综合征、SLE和子痫前期-子痫。血小板< 30×109/L的PT患者发生妊娠丢失、早产、产后出血的概率明显增加。
【关键词】妊娠;血小板减少;病因;妊娠结局
Etiology and maternal and infant outcomes of pregnancy complicated with thrombocytopenia Cui Jinhui, Li Ping, Ouyang Liping, Li Ling, Meng Zhaoran, Fan Jianhui. Department of Obstetrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
Corresponding author, Fan Jianhui, E-mail: fanjianhui1902@ 163. com
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the etiology and maternal and infant outcomes of pregnancy complicated with thrombocytopenia. Methods Clinical data of 228 pregnant women complicated with thrombocytopenia were collected. According to the platelet count during pregnancy, all patients were divided into the mild ((51-100)×109/L), moderate ((30-50)×109/L) and severe thrombocytopenia groups (< 30×109/L), respectively. The etiology, and maternal and infant outcomes were statistically compared among three groups. Results Among 228 pregnancies complicated with thrombocytopenia, 159 patients (69.8%) presented with mild thrombocytopenia, 33 cases (14.5%) of moderate thrombocytopenia and 36 cases (15.8%) of severe thrombocytopenia. The etiology mainly included pregnancy-associated thrombocytopenia (63.6%), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (11.8%), HELLP syndrome (3.9%), systemic lupus erythematosus (3.9%) and preeclampsia and eclampsia (2.2%). The incidence of fetal loss, preterm labor, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal thrombocytopenia and gestational week significantly differed among three groups (all P < 0.05). In the severe group, the incidence of fetal loss, preterm labor, postpartum hemorrhage and neonatal thrombocytopenia was significantly higher, whereas the gestational week was significantly shorter compared with those in the mild groups (all P < 0.017). Conclusions The etiology of pregnancy complicated with thrombocytopenia is complex. The etiology primarily includes pregnancy-associated thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,HELLP syndrome, SLE, preeclampsia and eclampsia. Patients with platelet count < 30×109/L are more likely to have an increased incidence of fetal loss, preterm labor, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal thrombocytopenia.
【Key words】Pregnancy;Thrombocytopenia;Etiology;Pregnancy outcome
妊娠合并血小板减少(PT)是妊娠期常见并发症之一,主要由血小板破坏增加和(或)血小板生成减少引起,发病率约5% ~ 12%[1-4]。PT最常见原因是妊娠相关性血小板减少症(PAT),但有部分PT是妊娠期特有疾病或全身性疾病的一种表现[1-3]。鉴于PT的病因复杂多样,不同病因的妊娠结局不同,本研究对228例PT患者进行病因分析,探讨其临床特点及母婴结局,旨在为国家妇女卫生保健工作提供参考。
对象与方法
一、研究对象
选择2016年1月至2018年12月在中山大学附属第三医院天河院区及岭南院区就诊并分娩且病历资料完整的228例PT患者,均为单胎妊娠。排除妊娠合并其他内外科疾病(如凝血功能障碍、甲状腺功能亢进、糖尿病等),其中初产妇115例、经产妇113例,年龄(30.4±5.0)岁。根据Veneri等(2009年)对血小板的分度将患者按妊娠期间血小板最低值分组,其中血小板(51 ~ 100)×109/L为轻度组,血小板(30 ~ 50)×109/L为中度组,血小板< 30×109/L为重度组。3组的初产妇比例、年龄比较差异均无统计学意义(P均> 0.05),见表1。本项临床研究为回顾性研究,仅收集患者临床资料,不干预患者治疗方案,不会对患者生理带来风险,已征得所有患者同意并签署知情同意书。
二、诊断标准
PAT指孕前无血小板减少病史,孕中晚期首次发生血小板减少,无明显出血表现,产后1~6周自然恢复正常,并且排除其他血小板减少性疾病[1]。传统的……
