于显枫 赵记军 马明生

摘要：以已有研究文献为基础，概述了不同厚度地膜残留与回收的研究，并对地膜选择使用进行了探讨，以期为农业生产和环境保护协调发展提供参考。结果表明：不同厚度地膜覆盖后地膜残留情况因作物不同而异，地膜越厚，残留量越低，达到一定厚度后，残留量差异并不显著，超过一定厚度后，由于单位面积残片质量增加，反而出现残留量增加现象。使用厚地膜可有效提高地膜可回收性，但当地膜达到一定厚度后，其回收率差异并不显著；机械化回收是趋势所向，除注重地膜强度外，也要考虑地膜厚度影响。在农业生产中，选择使用的地膜偏薄或偏厚均不适宜，大多学者建议的厚度介于0.008～0.012 mm，具体应统筹考虑地膜覆盖效益与生态效益最优效应选择使用。

关键词：地膜；厚度；残留；回收性；覆盖效益；生态效益；使用选择

中图分类号：X-53文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20190800157

基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目“西北灌溉玉米化肥农药减施增效技术集成与示范”（2017YFD0201808）；国家重点研发计划项目“半干旱区马铃薯化学肥料减施技术研究与示范”（2018YFD020080105）。

Film of Different Thickness： Effect on Residual and Recovery of Waste Film and Selection

Yu Xianfeng1， Zhao Jijun2， Ma Mingsheng1

（1Institute of Dryland Farming， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou 730070， Gansu， China；

2Gansu Agro-ecology and Resources Protection Technology Station， Lanzhou 730000， Gansu， China）

Abstract： The research on the residual and recovery of mulch film with different thickness was summarized based on the existing research literatures， and the selection of mulch film was discussed to provide references for the coordinated development of agricultural production and environmental protection. The results showed that residual of different thickness films varied from crop to crop， the thicker the mulch film， the lower the residual amount. After reaching a certain thickness， the difference of residual amount was not significant， but after a certain thickness， the residual amount increased due to the increase residual quality per unit area. The use of thick mulch film could effectively improve the film recyclability， but the difference of recovery rate was not significant after the film reached a certain thickness. Mechanized recycling was the trend in the future， in addition to film strength， the influence of film thickness should draw more attention. In agricultural production， the selection of thin or thick film was both inappropriate， the thickness recommended by most scholars was between 0.008and0.012mm，thespecificeffectbetweenthefilmcoverandtheecologicalbenefitshouldbeconsidered.

Keywords： Plastic Film； Thickness； Residual； Recyclability； Coverage Benefit； Ecological Benefit； Selection

0引言

覆膜种植可以改善土壤水热效应、抑盐控草和增加经济效益[1]。地膜覆盖技术可在大范围内提高粮食作物产量20%～35%、经济作物产量20%～60%，极大地促进了农业生产力和效益的提高，对保障粮食安全作出了重大贡献[2]。传统地膜是一种人工合成的高分子化合物，其成分通常为聚乙烯（polyethylene， PE），在自然条件下很难降解，使用后造成了极大的处理困难[3]。……