涂敏 蔡海滨 彭延麟 官鑫 伏雪 曾霞 胡彦师

摘  要：为探究红根病对橡胶树根际土壤微生物多样性的影响，分别以患红根病和健康橡胶树根际土壤为研究对象，采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序，分析了样本间的微生物群落结构和组成差异;同时测定根际土壤理化性质，分析其与土壤微生物群落的相关性。结果表明：患红根病橡胶树根际土壤真菌多样性显著降低，OTU数量和Alpha多样性指数均低于健康橡胶树根际土壤;患病植株根际土壤细菌多样性略高于健康植株根际土壤;患病植株根际土壤中真菌的群落结构发生明显改变，细菌群落结构变化较小;在属水平上，共检测出289类土壤真菌、525类土壤细菌，病原菌Ganoderma在患病植株根际土壤中相对丰度高达31.32%，在健康植株根际土壤中未检测到;有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量和pH在健康植株根际土壤中含量高，碱解氮在患病植株根际土壤中含量高;相关分析结果显示，Ganoderma丰度与土壤有机质含量和pH呈显著负相关。该结果为揭示红根病发生的根际微生态机制及研发红根病综合防控技术提供理论参考。

关键词：橡胶树;红根病;根际土壤;高通量测序;Alpha多样性

中图分类号：S794.1      文献标识码：A

Abstract： To explore the effect of red root rot disease on the microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil， the rhizosphere soil of diseased and healthy Hevea brasiliensis were selected as the research objects， and Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the microbial community structure and composition differences. The physiochemical properties of the soil samples were also analyzed. Infestation caused by red root rot decreased the fungi diversity of rhizosphere soil significantly， the number of OTU and Alpha diversity index were both lower than those in the healthy soil. The bacteria diversity in the diseased soil was slightly higher than that in the healthy soil. The community structure of fungi in the diseased soil changed significantly， and the change of bacterial community structure was small. At genus level， there were totally 289 kinds of soil fungi， 525 kinds of bacteria detected， the relative abundance of pathogenic Ganoderma in the diseased soil was as high as 31.32%， which was not detected in the healthy soil. The content of organic matter， available phosphorus， available potassium and pH value of the rhizosphere soil were higher in the healthy soil， and the content of hydrolysable nitrogen was higher in the diseased soil. Correlation analysis showed that the abundance of Ganoderma was negatively correlated with the content of organic matter and pH value. This research revealed the micro-ecological changes of the rhizosphere with the occurrence of red root rot disease and would provide theoretical support for developing a comprehensive control method of red root rot.

Keywords： Hevea brasiliensis; red root rot; rhizosphere soil; high-throughput; Alpha-diversity

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.034

天然橡膠是重要的工业原料和战略资源，全球99%以上的天然橡胶由巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）生产[1-2]。红根病是橡胶树危害面积最广、影响最大的世界性土传病害，严重缩短橡胶树的生产寿命和产胶量，给橡胶产业带来巨大损失[3]。根据形态学和分子鉴定，红……