蔺红玲 周汉林 董荣书 吴群 陈永辉 马兴斌 韩建成

摘  要：为有效利用热区农业废弃物砂仁茎叶及优质牧草资源，添加不同比例的砂仁茎叶与‘热研4号’王草混合青贮，研究其对王草营养成分和发酵品质的影响，筛选最佳混合青贮比例，以期提高饲料营养品质。按照完全随机设计试验，鲜重基础条件下，‘热研4号’王草和砂仁茎叶的混合比例依梯度分为100∶0（对照组）、90∶10（A1组）、80∶20（A2組）、70∶30（A3组），每组均加入10 mg/kg的EM菌，青贮30 d后开封进行检测分析。结果表明：各试验组乳酸（LA）/乙酸（AA）比值均大于2，均有少量丙酸（PA）和丁酸（BA）检出。A2和A3组感官品质为优良;随着砂仁茎叶比例升高，青贮料pH显著升高，各处理组的干物质（DM）、粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）和粗灰分（ASH）均呈现上升趋势;铵态氮/总氮（NH3-N/TN）、LA和AA含量逐渐降低，且A3组NH3-N/TN显著低于CK和A1组（P<0.05）;各处理组LA和AA含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05），但各处理组间LA和AA含量差异不显著（P>0.05）;A3组的DM、CP、EE和ASH含量显著高于CK（P<0.05），水溶性碳水化合物（WSC）含量显著低于CK（P<0.05），且A1、A2和A3组间差异不显著（P>0.05），中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量显著低于CK（P<0.05）;从营养价值和发酵品质考虑，建议砂仁茎叶与‘热研4号’王草以30∶70比例混合青贮较为适宜。

关键词：砂仁茎叶;‘热研4号’王草;营养成分;发酵品质

中图分类号：S816      文献标识码：A

Abstract： In order to effectively utilize the agricultural waste in Tropical Zones， the nutritional composition and fer-mentation quality of ‘Reyan No. 4’ silage was studied by adding different proportions of Amomum villosum stem and leaf. The optimum proportion of mixed silage was selected to improve the nutritional quality of feed. According to the random design experiment， fresh stems and leaves of ‘Reyan 4’ Wangcao and A. villosum were mixed with ratios

100∶0 （CK）， 90∶10 （Group A1）， 80∶20 （group A2）， 70∶30 （Group A 3）. Each group was treated with 10 mg/kg EM

bacteria， and the samples were collected after 30 days of silage. LA/AA was greater than 2 in all groups， a small amount

of propionic acid （PA） and butyric acid （BA） were detected. The sensory quality of A2 and A3 groups was excellent， and the dry matter （DM）， crude protein （CP）， crude fat （EE） and crude ash （ASH） of each treatment group increased with the proportion of stem and leaf of A. villosum， the pH of silage increased significantly. The contents of ammonium nitrogen/total nitrogen （NH3-N/TN）， lactic acid （LA） and acetic acid （AA） decreased gradually. The content of NH3-N/TN in A3 were significantly lower than those in CK and A1 Group （P<0.05）， the contents of LA and AA in each treatment group were significantly lower than those in CK （P<0.05）. However， the contents of LA and AA were not sig-nificantly different among the treatments （P>0.05）. The contents of DM， CP， EE and ASH in A3 were significantly higher than those in CK （P<0.05）， and the content of WSC was significantly lower than those in CK （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference among A1， A2 and A3 （P>0.05）. NDF and ADF contents were significantly lower than that of CK （P<0.05）. 30∶70 ratio of A. villosum stem and leaf to ‘Reyan No. 4’ Wangcao is recommended for silage.

Keywords： Amomum villosum Lour. leaf and stem; Pennisetum purpureum Rich. × P. americana cv. ‘Reyan No.4’; nutritional composition; fermentation quality

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.033

近年來，随着我国热区养殖业快速发展和对畜产品需求量的急剧增加，绿色、健康和可持续的现代化生态养殖模式已成为当前的研究热点。积极研究推广优质牧草种植与加工技术，充分利用牧草、农业废弃物秸秆、农副产品等饲料资源，发展绿色、环保、低兽药残留的青贮饲料，减少因农业废弃物造成的环境污染，消除兽药对畜产品安全造成的不利影响[1]，市场对新型功能性饲草提出了新的需求。……