张琪 郭彦兵 李紫薇 吴红芝

摘  要：為探索彩色马蹄莲（Zantedeschia spp.）接种胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌（Pectobacterium carotovora subsp. Carotovora， Pcc）的适宜方法，鉴定彩色马蹄莲组内品种对软腐病菌Pcc的抗性情况，本研究先以10个彩色马蹄莲品种为试验材料，进行以完整叶片、叶片圆片（叶盘）为接种材料的室内离体接种，以及以主脉、侧脉为接种部位的温室活体植株接种，接种后分别于12、24、36 h 3三个时间点，以发病率、病情指数为指标，统计马蹄莲软腐病发病情况;在明确适宜的接种方法和发病时间后，选取包括第1一步试验品种在内的34个彩色马蹄莲品种进行Pcc抗性鉴定。结果表明：离体接种的最佳材料为完整叶片，最佳发病观察时间是24 h;活体接种的最佳接种部位为叶片主脉，最佳发病观察时间是36 h;离体鉴定的中抗品种为5个，感病品种为11个，高感品种为18个;而活体鉴定的中抗、感病和高感品种分别为2、17、15个。离体方法鉴定结果的中抗品种多于活体鉴定的，离体方法鉴定的抗性情况更接近更符合田间大规模生产的情况，其原因可能是离体方法鉴定时接种材料的均一性、环境条件的一致性好，方面更容易控制，更能反应品种本身的抗性情况。

关键词：彩色马蹄莲;细菌性软腐病;离体抗性鉴定;活体抗性鉴定

中图分类号：S436.8      文献标识码：A

Abstract： The study was aimed to explore the suitable inoculation method of soft rot pathogen Pcc on the colored Zan-tedeschia spp.， and identify the resistance of the varieties in the section Aestivae， which are called the colored Zantede-schia spp. to Pcc. Ten cultivars from the section Aestivae were used as the experimental materials to explore the suitable method for Pcc inoculation. Whole leaf and disk disc were used as the inoculation material in the identification in vitro， and main vein or lateral vein of the plants were compared for suitable inoculation site in the field identification in vivo. Disease incidence and disease index was observed at 12 h， 24 h and 36 h respectively after inoculation. After the suitable inoculation method and the best time of observing disease development were confirmed， 34 cultivars of colored Zantedeschia spp.， including the 10 cultivars used in the first experiment were selected to identify the resistance to Pcc. The suitable material for inoculation in vitro was whole leaf， and the best observation time was 24 hours，  main vein was better inoculation site than lateral vein for the plant in field， and the best observation time was 36 hours. There were 5 moderately resistant varieties， 11 susceptible varieties， and 18 highly susceptible varieties in the identification in vitro. There were 2 moderately resistant varieties， 17 susceptible varieties， and 15 highly susceptible varieties in the field identification in vivo. There were more moderately resistant varieties in the identification in vitro than that ones in vivo， which was in line with the situation of large-scale production in the field. The reason maybe it is easier to control the uniformity of materials inoculated and the consistency of environmental conditions in the identification in vitro than that in the field plant， so it is better to test the resistance of Zantedeschia spp. varieties to Pcc.

Keywords： Zantedeschia spp.; bacterial soft rot; in vitro resistance identification; in vivo resistance identification

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.025

彩色马蹄莲（Zantedeschia spp.）是天南星科（Araceae）马蹄莲属（Zantedeschia）多年生草本球根花卉，其花型独特，花叶俱赏，具有极高的观赏价值，深受国内外消费者的喜爱[1-2]。由胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌（Pectobacterium carotovora subsp. Carotovora， Pcc）引起的软腐病被称作彩色马蹄莲“癌症”[3-5]，是威胁彩色马蹄莲产业健康发展的重要病害。……