罗霆 邓宇驰 丘立杭 陈荣发 范业赓 周慧文 闫海锋 黄杏 周忠凤 吴建明

摘  要：为了探明宿根黄化对甘蔗主要农艺性状及内源激素变化的影响，对发生宿根黄化后甘蔗体内激素水平高低、叶绿素指数变化，以及分蘖、株高等主要农艺性状进行分析。结果表明，黄化株经过了近40 d的生长，叶绿素指数达到40，与正常株刚出苗时的叶绿素指数相当，经过62 d基本完成复绿。正常株的株高、叶片数、节数和分蘖数的增量分别是黄化株的1285%、371%、860%和1650%。在5个观察期，正常株和黄化株的株高、叶片数、节数和分蘖数都有极显著差异;黄化株赤霉素含量比正常株低21.2%，生长素和细胞分裂素含量分别比正常株高17.3%和12.9%，与正常株差异显著;黄化株的玉米素、脱落酸和乙烯含量分别比正常株提高54.5%、195.5%和47.4%，与正常株差异极显著。本研究初步探索了宿根黄化对甘蔗主要农艺性状及内源激素的影响，为甘蔗宿根黄化病的有效防控提供依据。

关键词：甘蔗宿根黄化;农艺性状;内源激素;叶绿素指数

中图分类号：S566.1      文献标识码：A

Abstract： The hormone level， chlorophyll index， tiller number and plant height were analyzed to investigate the effects of chlorosis on the main agronomic traits and endogenous hormone changes of ratoon sugarcane. After 40 days of growth， the chlorophyll index of the chlorosis plant reached 40， equal to the chlorophyll index of the normal plant at the time of emergence， and it took 62 days for the chlorosis plant to turn green and get normal. The increment of plant height， leaf， internode and tiller number of normal plant was 1285%， 371%， 860% and 1650% of that of chlorosis plants， respectively. And there were significant differences between normal and chlorosis plants at 5 determination periods. The contents of gibberellin， auxin and cytokinin were 17.3% and 12.9% higher than those of normal strains， respectively， which were significantly different from normal strains. The contents of zeatin， abscisic acid and ethylene in chlorosis plants increased by 54.5%， 195.5% and 47.4%， respectively， which were significantly different contrast to normal plants. This study initially revealed the effects of chlorosis on the main agronomic traits and endogenous hormones of sugarcane， and would provide some knowledge for the prevention and control of chlorosis in ratoon sugarcane.

Keywords： chlorosis in ratoon sugarcane; agronomic traits; endogenous hormone; chlorophyll index

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.024

甘蔗是最重要的糖料作物，我國90%的食糖来源于甘蔗。广西是我国最大的产蔗区，历年甘蔗种植面积占全国的60%～75%。广西的甘蔗种植以“一年新植两年宿根”为主，宿根蔗面积常年占甘蔗总种植面积的65%左右，持续稳定的宿根蔗产量对广西蔗糖产业发展有举足轻重的作用。

甘蔗的宿根黄化是一种生理性病害，目前仅见宿根蔗发生，表现为发株后失绿，长出黄色甚至接近白色的叶片，在无处理的情况下，通常50～70 d能自动复绿，但在黄化期间，植株生长“僵滞”，几乎不能分蘖和拔节，新叶抽出速度异常缓慢，造成减产20%～40%的严重后果[1]。……