李伟明 胡会刚 胡玉林 段雅婕 陈晶晶 谢江辉 王文华

摘  要：雌、雄性高度不育等因素导致现有栽培蕉遗传基础狭窄、抗逆力衰退，杂交育种是拓展其遗传多样性并改良关键农艺性状的重要途径，但国内外鲜见相对系统的研究报道。为了寻找可杂交利用的父、母本材料，本研究对3份野生父本材料Musa acuminata、Musa balbisiana和Musa cheesmani的花粉活力进行检测，然后以5类栽培蕉，即香芽蕉（AAA）、粉蕉（AAB）、大蕉（AAB）、龙牙蕉（ABB）和皇帝蕉（AA）的多份代表性品种为母本，两两组合进行杂交，检测不同组合的结籽率、种子萌发率、正常苗率。结果表明：母本基因组型为ABB的品种均可结籽;与另外2份野生蕉相比，M. balbisiana作为父本时结籽率、种子萌发率和正常苗率3项指标总体上最为理想;近缘野生种M. cheesmani与栽培品种杂交可以获得后代。本研究较为系统地开展了香蕉杂交试验，取得了多项数据，可为国内外尤其是国内正在兴起的香蕉杂交育种研究提供参考。

关键词：香蕉;杂交育种;野生种;亲缘关系;杂交亲和性

中图分类号：S668.1      文献标识码：A

Abstract： The majority of banana cultivars are male sterility， which give rise to the lack of banana diversity and varie-ties recession in resistance. The cross-breeding deserves a good strategy for the improvement of genetic diversity and agronomic traits. In order to find out the genotypes qualified as male and female parents， we conducted large-scale cross-breeding among three wild relatives and various cultivars. The pollen activity was examined for the wild relatives of Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis （AA）， Musa balbisiana （BB） and Musa cheesmani. The pollen staining rate （> 63%） was high for all species. Popular cultivars Musa AAA， Musa AAB， Musa ABB including Pisang Awark and Da jiao， Musa AA were cross-bred with the wild relatives （male）. The seed set， seed generation and seedling morphological trait were observed to evaluate the cross-compatibility of different combinations. Only Musa ABB could set seeds. The seed set， seed generation and seedling morphological trait for M. balbisiana were much better. M. cheesmani was compatible with some cultivars. The study would provide reference dataset for worldwide banana researchers.

Keywords： Musa; cross breeding; wild relatives; phylogenetic relationship; cross-compatibility

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.016

香蕉（Musa spp.）是世界第八大、欠發达国家第四大粮食作物[1];是仅次于柑橘的第二大水果，更是贸易量最大的鲜果。我国2019年栽培面积495.6万hm2，产量1165.6万t，分别排世界第6位和第2位[2]。然而，栽培品种主要仅由Musa acuminata（提供A基因组）和Musa balbisiana（提供B基因组）2个原始野生种通过种内或种间杂交衍生而来;又以三倍体或多倍体为主，不结种子，长期无性繁殖;且以大面积单一品种种植模式实行商业化栽培[3]，这些因素导致遗传多样性严重损失、抗逆性变劣，病虫害日益适应[4-5]。……