唐雪妹 赵晓丽 高毓文 叶倩 朱富伟 苏连水 万凯

摘  要：橄榄含有丰富的生物活性物质，这些成分的含量与橄榄品种、加工过程及储存条件等密切相关。分析我国乌橄榄和青橄榄2个主栽橄榄品种，利用液相色谱-高分辨质谱（UPLC-Q-orbitrap-MS）结合统计学模型进行综合评价。结果表明：利用非靶向代谢物分析流程筛选鉴定出47种显著性差异代谢物，其中氨基酸9种，黄酮多酚类20种，油脂类8种，有机酸类3种，香豆素类化合物2种，其他5种。乌橄榄中含量较高的物质有山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷、罗汉松脂素、高车前苷、杨梅素、花旗松素、1-棕榈酰-2-月桂酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱PLPC、桐油酸、甘草次酸，青橄榄中含量较高的物质有鞣花酸、短叶苏木酚酸、没食子酸及相应的葡萄糖苷，这些物质在2个品种中的平均含量比率超过30倍以上。这表明不同橄榄品种内源性代谢物存在明显差异且各具特色，为今后橄榄品质评价、资源合理利用及不同产品的深度开发提供数据支撑。

关键词：UPLC-Q-orbitrap-MS;非靶向;橄榄;代谢物

中图分类号：S59      文献标识码：A

Abstract： Olives （Olea europaea L.） are rich in biologically active substances， and the content of the components is closely related to olive varieties， processing and storage conditions. The chemical constituents of table olive were ana-lyzed by UltraHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry （UPLC-Q-orbitrap- MS） combined with statistical analysis. A total of 47 significantly different metabolites were identified from the chro-matograms of 2 olive varieties. The compounds included 9 kinds of amino acids， 20 kinds of flavonoids and poly-phenols， 8 kinds of lipids， 3 kinds of organic acids， 2 kinds of coumarin compounds， and 5 kinds of other compounds. Juglalin， matairesinol， plantagoside， myricetin， taxifolin， PLPC， α-eleostearic acid and 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid showed the highest values in Canarium pimela Koening. Ellagic acid， brervifolincaboxylic acid， gallic acid and its corresponding glucosides showed the highest values in Canarium album. The average content ratio of the substances in the two varie-ties is more than 30 times. The results showed that there were significant differences in the endogenous metabolites among different olive varieties and each had its own characteristics， which would provide data support for the future olive quality evaluation， rational utilization of olive resources and in-depth development of different olive products.

Keywords： UPLC-Q-orbitrap-MS; untargeted; olive; metabolomics

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.006

橄欖是一种重要的经济作物，广泛分布于地中海国家以及我国南部。从橄榄果中产生的橄榄油具有较高的营养价值，在人类饮食中发挥重要角色。同时，橄榄也可作鲜食和加工成凉果，是著名的亚热带特色水果[1]。新鲜成熟的橄榄果肉含有丰富的生物活性物质，如多酚、黄酮、Vc、蛋白质及微量元素等，从而使橄榄具有抗氧化、抗心血管疾病、抗癌、抗炎症等生物功效[2-4]。橄榄产品生物活性物质含量与橄榄品种、成熟程度、工业发酵过程以及储存条件等密切相关。……