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草地贪夜蛾不同虫口密度对海南鲜食玉米产量的影响及其经济阈值研究

2021-01-13刘彦龙吕宝乾卢辉唐继洪张永军朱晓明

热带作物学报 2021年12期

刘彦龙 吕宝乾 卢辉 唐继洪 张永军 朱晓明

摘  要:草地贪夜蛾[Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)]在海南省可周年繁殖,世代重疊严重,常年危害海南鲜食玉米,防治困难。为了解海南省不同虫口密度草地贪夜蛾幼虫在鲜食玉米各个阶段对其产量的影响,采用田间接种不同密度3龄幼虫的方法来模拟自然危害,研究其经济阈值。结果表明,苗期(4~6叶)、喇叭口期(8~10叶)和抽穗期(12~14叶)各阶段,虫口密度与危害程度的回归方程分别为:y=0.06ln(x)+0.1258、y=0.0546ln(x)+0.1863、y=0.0589ln(x)+0.0275,计算出不影响玉米产量的危害程度分别为:21.57%、28.34%、14.50%。虫口密度与总产量在苗期(4~6叶)、喇叭口期(8~10叶)和抽穗期(12~14叶)的回归方程分别为:y=–0.2508x+13.113、y=–0.1093x+12.721、y=–0.0616x+12.447,得出不影响产量的虫口密度分别为:5头/20株、7头/20株、9头/20株;各时期的经济阈值分别为:6~8头/20株、12~20头/20株、19~24头/20株。该研究结果为海南省鲜食玉米田草地贪夜蛾的精准防治及合理的农药减量提供科学依据,对提高防治经济效益、保护生态环境等具有重要意义。

关键词:草地贪夜蛾;虫口密度;危害程度;经济阈值

中图分类号:S435.132      文献标识码:A

Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) can propagate annually in Hainan Province and has serious overlapping generations. It harms the production of fresh corn in Hainan Province and is difficult to control. In order to understand the effects of different population densities of S. frugiperda larvae on the yield of fresh corn field in Hainan Province, the third instar larvae of S. frugiperda were inoculated in the field to simulate natural hazards and study its economic threshold. The results showed that the regression equations of population density and total yield at seedling stage (4-6 leaves), bell stage (8-10 leaves) and heading stage (12-14 leaves) were as follows: y=-0.2508x+13.113, y=-0.1093x+ 12.721 and y=-0.0616x+ 12.447. The results showed that the population density which did not affect the yield was 5, 7, 9 larvae per 20 plants. The regression equations of population density and damage degree were as follows: y=0.06ln(x)+0.1258, y=0.0546ln(x)+0.1863, y=0.0589ln(x)+0.0275. The results showed that the damage degree of corn yield was 21.57%, 28.34% and 14.50%, and the economic threshold of each period was 6-8, 12-20, 19-24 larvaes per 20 plants, respectively. The results would provide a scientific basis for the precise control and reasonable pesticide reduction of S. frugiperda in corn fields of Hainan Province, which is of great significance to improve the economic benefits of control and protect the ecological environment.

Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda; population density; damaged degree; economic threshold

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.003

草地贪夜蛾[Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)],别名秋黏虫(fall armyworm),属于鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)夜蛾科(Noctuidae)灰翅夜蛾属(Spodoptera),可为害350多种作物[1-2],是原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区的世界性农业害虫,具有迁徙能力强、繁衍速度快、危害程度重等特点[3]。草地贪夜蛾被认为是北美和南美最重要的夜蛾害虫之一[4],目前已经成为一种严重威胁农业生产的全球性入侵昆虫[5],2018年12月从缅甸迁入中国[6],2019年1月在云南确认发现该虫入侵[7],2019年4月30日,在海南省海口市首次发现草地贪夜蛾的入侵[8]。海南是我国南繁玉米育种及冬季鲜食玉米的种植基地,并且鲜食玉米的种植面积还在进一步的扩大[9],这为草地贪夜蛾的危害和扩散提供了便利。……

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