清镇市近40年雨量、雨日及雨强变化特征分析
2021-01-13杨涛张皓蔡志颖滕万里金昭贵
杨涛 张皓 蔡志颖 滕万里 金昭贵



摘 要:本文利用清鎮市1980-2019年共40年逐日气象数据资料,分析了清镇市年、季降雨量、雨日和雨强变化趋势及其演变规律。结果表明,清镇市近40年降水量呈上升趋势,平均每10年增加37 mm,降水量序列在4~6 a、12~14 a及23~26 a左右的尺度上存在较为明显的周期波动,且降水量表现为夏多冬少,变化趋势为春强冬弱的季节特征。清镇年平均雨日数为184.5 d,约占全年天数的50.5 %,近40年来呈减少趋势,平均每10年减少3.6 d,在3~4 a、8~12 a、18~21 a及22~25 a左右的尺度上存在周期波动。在不同等级的雨日序列中,小、中雨日呈减小趋势;而大雨、暴雨日及以上量级变化则呈上升趋势。雨日月、季变化特征明显,春季雨日最多,夏季次之,在5、6月份达到峰值。最长连续降雨日和无雨日数均呈减少趋势,其中年最长连续雨日为22 d(1991年),最长连续无雨日为25 d(1983年)。
关键词:雨量;雨日;气候趋势
中图分类号:P467 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1008-0457(2021)05-0069-07 国际DOI编码:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.05.011
Analysis of Rainfall,Rainy Days and Rain Intensity Variation Characteristics in Qingzhen City in the Past 40 Years
YANG Tao1,ZHANG Hao2,3*,CAI Zhiying4,TENG Wanli2,JIN Zhaogui2
(1.Meteorological Bureau of Guiyang,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Qingzhen,Qingzhen,Guizhou 551400,China;3.Country Level Agrometeorological Test Station in Guiyang,Qingzhen,Guizhou 551400,China;4.Meteorological Burean of Ningbo,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315099,China)
Abstract:Based on daily meteorological data of Qingzhen City ranging from 1980 to 2019,we analyzed the trend and evolution of annual and seasonal rainfall,rainy days and rainfall intensities.The results showed that precipitation in Qingzhen City showed an upward trend in the past 40 years,with an average increase of 37 mm every 10 years.There were obvious periodic fluctuations in precipitation series at the scales of 4~6 a,12~14 a and 23~26 a,and the precipitation was characterized by more in summer and less in winter,and this change trend was shown strong in spring and weak in winter.The annual average number of rainy days in Qingzhen was 184.5 days,accounting for 50.5% of the total number of days in the whole year.It showed a decreasing trend in the past 40 years with an average reduction of 3.63 days per 10 years.There were periodic fluctuations in the rain-day sequence on the scales of 3~4 a,8~12 a,18~21 a and 22~25 a.In the analysis of rainy days,light and moderate rainy days showed a decreasing trend,while the change of heavy rainy days,rainstorm days and above magnitude displayed an upward trend during the past 40 years.The month and season of rainy days had obvious characteristics,with the most rainy days in spring,followed by summer,peaking in May and June.Both the longest continuous rainy days and the number of rain-free days displayed a decreasing trend,and the longest continuous rainy days was 22 days per year(1991),and the longest continuous rain-free days was up to 25 days(1983).
Keywords:rainfall;rainy day;climate trend
基金項目:贵州省气象局项目(黔气科登[2020]08-12);贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2020]7-3)
全球气候变暖背景下的极端降水事件频繁发生,自20世纪50年代以来尤为突出,引起了国内外学者的广泛关注,在分析极端降水与降水量、雨日数、降水强度的相关性研究中,冯新灵等[1]指出,我国西南、西北等五大区域的雨日数表现出完全一致的减少趋势;王颖等[2]研究发现,中国雨日数的趋势变化与降水量的长期变化趋势并不完全相同,雨日减少趋势比降水量减少趋势更加显著,中国平均雨日每10年减少3.8 d;汪青春等[3]研究表明,青海近年来夏半年虽降水量和雨日有所减少,但日平均降水量有所增大且降水愈发集中,20世纪90年代夜间出现强降水的几率高于80年代。……
