朱敏 于和平 涂国良 李焕锋 刘媛媛

摘要：通过2 a大田定位试验研究了不同腐熟剂用量处理对玉米秸秆的腐解效果和对土壤基本性质玉米产量的影响。结果表明，施用腐熟剂可提高秸秆腐解率8.9%～13.1%，土壤容重较无腐熟剂处理平均降低4.49%;显著提高了土壤有机质、有效磷、全磷、速效钾、缓效钾的含量。秸秆还田+腐熟剂能改善土壤理化性状，提高玉米产量，且以秸秆还田+腐熟剂60 kg/hm2处理效果最佳，玉米产量2019、2020年较常规种植分别提高了1 566.67、1 990.48 kg/hm2。适合在西北黑垆土地区应用。

关键词：腐熟剂;秸秆腐解率;土壤理化性状;玉米产量

中图分类号：S513      文献标志码：A      文章编号：1001-1463（2021）12-0014-08

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.12.004

Effect of Straw Decomposing Agent on  Corn Straw Decomposition and  Soil Fertility

ZHU Min， YU Heping， TU Guoliang， LI Huanfeng， LIU Yuanyuan

（Pingliang Agriculture Extension Station， Pingliang Gansu 744000， China）

Abstract：The effects of different treatments of decomposer dosage on the decomposition effect of corn straw and basic soil properties as well as corn yield were studied through two years of field positioning experiments. The results demonstrated that the straw decomposition rate of straw could be increased by 8.9%～13.1% by appling the decomposing agent， and soil bulk weight was reduced by 4.49% compared with the treatments without decomposing agent. The contents of soil organic matter， available p， total P， available K and slow available K were significantly increased. The straw returning+decomposing agent could improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase corn yield， and straw returning + decomposing agent 60 kg/hm2 had the best effect， and corn yield increased 1 566.67 kg/hm2 and 1 990.48 kg/hm2 compared with conventional planting in 2019 and 2020， respectively. It is suitable for application in northwest black loessial soil area.

Key words：Decomposing agent;Straw decomposition rate;Soil physicochemical properties;Corn yield

秸稈是一种有利于土壤改良的有机肥源，是直接有效的可再生资源，能够对作物增产起到一定作用[1 - 2 ]。作物的秸秆主要由木质素和纤维素组成，有非常丰富的有机质、微量元素、氮、磷、钾，可以提供农作物生长所需的多种营养元素[3 ]。秸秆还田是改良土壤性状的重要措施，也是作物秸秆重要的利用途径[4 ]。秸秆还田能够把农作物生产过程中吸收的大部分营养元素归还到土壤，减少了秸秆焚烧造成的环境污染[5 ]，在增加土壤有机质的同时，促进了土壤微粒的团聚作用，改善了土壤物理性状及其保水能力和渗透性[6 - 7 ]。在农作物种植中提高秸秆的有效利用，不仅能减少秸秆资源浪费及焚烧秸秆对环境的污染，而且能改善土壤性状，做到藏碳于田。

近年来，尽管已有很多研究证明秸秆还田的养分效应能使作物明显增产，但秸秆中纤维素类物质分解较慢，对下季作物的产量无明显增产效应，同时还有腐解速率低、养分释放速度慢、腐解时间长等问题[8 - 9 ]。……