杜梅香

摘要：以马铃薯品种青薯9号为指示品种，在定西旱作区利用光-生物降解膜进行马铃薯不同种植模式比较试验。结果表明，大垄微沟覆膜种植的马铃薯折合产量最高，为54 850 kg/hm2，较对照无垄平作增产32.6%;单株块茎重最重、单株块茎数最多，大薯率最高，为70.7%。综合考虑认为，在定西旱作区马铃薯生产中，宜选用光-生物降解膜进行大垄微沟覆膜种植模式。

关键词：马铃薯;光-生物双降解膜;大垄微沟覆膜种植;无垄平作种植;产量

中图分类号：S532      文献标志码：A      文章编号：1001-1463（2021）12-0073-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.12.017

Planting Mode of Potato Covered with Light - biodegradable Plastic Film in Dingxi Dryland Area

DU Meixiang

（Anding District Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center， Dingxi Gansu 743000，China）

Abstract：A comparative experiment was conducted on different potato planting modes in dingxi dryland area using photodegradable film with Qingshu 9 as the indicator variety. The results showed that the potato yield was 54 850 kg/hm2 with large ridge and micro-furrow mulching， which increased by 32.6% compared with the control. The tuber weight per plant was the highest， the number of tubers per plant was the most and the yield of big potato was the highest（70.7%）. It is suggested that photobiodegradable film should be used in large ridge and micro-furrow planting mode for potato production in Dingxi Dryland Area.

Key words：Potato;Light-biodegradable plastic film;Large ridge and small furrow film mulching planting;Planting flat without ridges;Yield

定西市安定区是甘肃省乃至全国的马铃薯主产区，常年种植面积6.67万hm2左右[1 ]。近年来，黑膜覆盖栽培已经成为当地马铃薯生产的主要种植技术。黑色地膜覆盖栽培技术实现了马铃薯的增产增收[2 ]，有效促进了定西旱作区农业生产发展，较大幅度地提高了单位面积马铃薯产量及其适应性[3 - 4 ]，确保了定西旱作区粮食的稳定增产和农民脱贫致富。但随着黑色地膜覆盖栽培技术大规模推广应用，在定西旱作区地膜使用面积越来越大且连续多年使用地膜[1 ]，农田残膜对农业面源污染日益严重[5 - 7 ]。残留在地块内的地膜不仅破坏了土壤结构，造成了对土壤的污染，而且影响农作物生长，导致农作物产量和农产品品质的降低，甚至严重影响了生态环境，制约着耕地可持续利用[8 - 11 ]。生物降解地膜的开发应用为解决残膜污染问题提供了新的思路和途径，其既发挥覆盖技术的保墒增温增产作用，又能减少残膜的农业面源的污染，从而实现旱作农业的可持续发展[12 - 16 ]。……