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白粒胡麻品种抗枯萎病鉴定与评价

2021-01-13李虔诚栾勇张炜

甘肃农业科技 2021年12期

李虔诚 栾勇 张炜

摘要:为了给白粒胡麻品种在生产中的应用提供参考,在长期病圃对16份白粒材料进行抗枯萎病鉴定评价。结果表明通过田间枯死率调查,高抗枯萎病的品种(系)为79073,枯死率为3.14%;中抗枯萎病的品种(系)为QS9、8012-2-3、NY2015,枯死率为7.99%~18.45%。不同生育时期的调查发现,胡麻枯萎病在全生育期均可发病,但在生育后期发病较重,开花期与青果期的发病占比达到全生育期发病总数的70.24%。

关键词:胡麻(油用亚麻);白粒;枯萎病

中图分类号:S435.659     文献标志码:A    文章编号:1001-1463(2021)12-0011-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.12.003

Identification and Evaluation of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt of White Seed Flax Cultivar

LI Qiancheng 1, LUAN Yong 2, ZHANG Wei 2

(1. Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Brigade of Yuanzhou District, Guyuan City, Guyuan Ningxia, 756000, China; 2. Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan Ningxia, 756000, China)

Abstract:In this study,16 white grain cultivars(lines) were identified and evaluated for their resistance to fusarium wilt by long-term disease nursery. This provides reference for the application and extension of high-quality and special white seed cultivars(lines)in flax production. The results showed that 79073 cultivars(lines)with high resistance to fusarium wilt and 3.14 % of wilt rate through field investigation. Three cultivars(lines)with moderate resistance to fusarium wilt were QS9,8012-2-3,NY2015 and the mortality rate was 7.99%~18.45%. At the same time,the incidence of fusarium flax in different growth stages found that fusarium flax could occur in the whole growth stage. However,it is more severe in the late reproductive period. The incidence ratio of flowering and fruit stage reached 70.24% in the whole growth period.

Key words:Flax (flax for oil);White grain;Fusarium wilt

油用亞麻(Linum usitatissimum L.)俗称胡麻,属亚麻科亚麻属一年生草本植物,是我国五大油料作物之一[1 ]。富含α-亚麻酸、木酚素、多种不饱和脂肪酸及膳食纤维等多种对人体有益的营养成分[2 ]。我国胡麻主要分布在华北、西北等地的干旱地区,河北、山西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、新疆等地的播种面积占全国的98.40%[3 ]。

由尖孢镰刀菌亚麻专化型引致的亚麻枯萎病,是世界范围内亚麻生产中的主要病害之一,曾在20世纪80年代末至90年代初对我国亚麻生产造成严重危害[4 ]。该病为典型的土传维管束真菌病害,可在土壤中长期存活,选育和利用抗病品种是防治此病经济、有效的方法[5  ]。白色籽粒胡麻品种相较于常规的褐色籽粒品种,具有含油率高、α-亚麻酸含量高、适宜加工等优点[6 ]。我们通过枯萎病长期病圃对胡麻白粒品种(系)进行抗枯萎病的鉴定和评价,以期为优质专用白粒品种(系)在胡麻生产中的应用提供参考。

1   材料与方法

1.1   供试材料

用于抗枯萎病鉴定的白粒胡麻材料共16份(表1),以感病品种固亚3号为对照。……

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