尹宏超 胡文浩 姚琪海

[摘    要]船舶靠港期间主要是利用船舶辅机发电机组发电来满足船舶用电需求，船舶辅机一般是燃烧重油或柴油，在消耗燃油获得动力的同时，船舶向大气排放大量的污染性气体。靠港船舶使用岸电是一项有效地船舶大气污染控制技术，是“十三五”期间我国重点推广的港口船舶污染物控制措施，也是水运行业顺应国际绿色发展潮流，实现科学发展的具体举措。多年来，国家和交通运输部已把船舶岸电作为推动绿色低碳港区建设的重点项目，先后发布了多项岸電建设及检测文件，全力推进船舶岸电系统建设。

[关键词]港口;岸电;变频电源;无缝并网;励磁涌流;逆功率

[中图分类号]TM91 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]2095–6487（2021）11–0–04

Research on Detection Technology of Ship Shore Power

Switching Capability of Wharf Shore Power Facilities

Yin Hong-chao， Hu Wen-hao， Yao Qi-hai

[Abstract]During the ship's berthing， the ship's auxiliary engine generator set is mainly used to generate electricity to meet the ship's power demand. The ship's auxiliary engine generally burns heavy oil or diesel. While consuming fuel to obtain power， the ship emits a large amount of polluting gases to the atmosphere. The use of shore power by berthing ships is an effective ship air pollution control technology. It is a key pollutant control measure for port ships promoted by China during the 13th Five Year Plan period. It is also a specific measure for the water transportation industry to comply with the international green development trend and realize scientific development. Over the years， the state and the Ministry of transport have taken ship shore power as a key project to promote the construction of green and low-carbon port areas， and successively issued a number of shore power construction and testing documents to fully promote the construction of ship shore power system.

[Keywords]port; shore power; variable frequency power supply; seamless grid connection; inrush current; reverse power

1 港口岸电介绍

船舶靠港期间辅机燃烧重油或柴油向大气排放大量的污染性气体，其主要成分含二氧化碳（CO2）、氮氧化物（NOx）、硫氧化物（SOx）、有机挥发物VOC和可吸入颗粒物PM2.5等有害污染物，破坏港区周围的生态环境。据统计，港口城市由于停靠船舶产生的废气排放比其他城市平均多25 %，这些污染性气体对人类健康和环境安全构成极大威胁。据不完全统计，港口周边地区居民患呼吸系统疾病的比例要比内地城市高近10 %。

随着我国对环保意识的不断加强，船舶对我国的环境污染也越来越引起人们的关注，建设“资源节约型、环境友好型”的绿色生态港口得到国家和港口企业高度重视，船舶停靠港口后停用船上发电机改用岸电供电这一减排节能的重大举措目前正在我国港口码头行业逐步展开，规定新建码头规划、设计、建设中包含码头船舶岸电设施内容。……