广西水稻商品化育秧现状及建议
2021-01-12郭子雄董舒蕾吴晓艳黄倩盈程方伟江立庚
郭子雄 董舒蕾 吴晓艳 黄倩盈 程方伟 江立庚



摘 要:随着我国农村劳动力的转移,传统的水稻种植逐渐向社会化的生产方式转变。水稻商品化育秧作为一种农业社会化服务,在广西南宁、玉林、柳州等地得到了广泛的推广与应用,不仅有效提高了水稻的产量及质量,降低了成本,还促进了农业社会化分工。但仍然存在着自然风险高、宣传示范不到位、市场结构垄断、服务欠缺、农户准备工作不及时等问题。基于此,本文通过对宾阳、武鸣等地实地调查,并结合文献分析,提出以下建议:(1)加强保险品种针对性;(2)加大宣传力度;(3)制定统一标准;(4)育秧方式结合实际;(5)提供后续保障。
关键词:水稻;商品化育秧;农业社会化
中图分类号:F327 文献标志码:A
Present Situation and Suggestions of Commercialized Production of Rice Seedlings in Guangxi
GUO Zixiong1,DONG Shulei1,WU Xiaoyan1,HUANG Qianying2,
CHENG Fangwei1, JIANG Ligeng1
(1College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; 2Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China)
Abstract: With the transfer of rural labor in China, traditional rice planting has gradually changed to a socialized production mode. Commercial rice seedling raising technique as a socialized agricultural service has been widely promoted and applied in Nanning, Yulin, Liuzhou and other places in Guangxi. It not only effectively improves the yield and quality of rice, reduces costs, but also promotes the socialized division of labor in agriculture. However, there are still problems existing, such as high natural risks, inadequate publicity and demonstration, monopoly of market structure, lack of services, and lack of timely preparation by farmers. Aimed at this situation, through field surveys in Binyang, Wuming and other places, combined with literature analysis, this article puts forward the following suggestions: (1) Strengthen the pertinence of insurance products;(2) Increase publicity;(3) Develop unified standards; (4) combine seedling raising methods with practice; (5) Provide follow-up guarantees.
Key words: Rice; commercial seedling raising; agricultural socialization
当前,我国工业化、城镇化、农业现代化不断推进,耕地等资源约束加剧,农村人口往城镇聚集,土地集中经营发展迅速。随着大量青壮年农民进城务工,加之传统农务劳作方式费时费力,农村劳动力不足与土地规模经营相矛盾的问题日益显现[1]。提高农务劳作的集约化水平已刻不容缓,利用新型技术和机械来提高生产力和生产效率,降低传统方式对劳动力的较高依赖,商品化育秧便是技术集约化经营的典型例子[1]。水稻商品化育秧就是由专业的育秧机构进行规模化的育秧并以商品方式将水稻秧苗销售给农户种植,这种模式很好的解决了生产农时紧、劳动力短缺、机械化程度不高等问题,已在全国各地推广应用。……
