内燃机冷却器换热铜管腐蚀穿孔失效原因浅析
2021-01-10张玉涛
张玉涛












摘要:随着功率的增加,内燃机将产生更高的气缸温度,从而导致燃烧室部件的温度升高。因此,内燃机的冷却系统尤为重要。冷却器交换管是冷却系统的重要组成部分,其腐蚀穿孔将直接影响内燃机的有效运行。本文分析了某船用内燃机冷却器换热管腐蚀穿孔的原因。从成分、结构、性能等方面深入分析了铜管腐蚀钻孔的根本原因。最后的结论是,腐蚀发生在铜管内壁,导致裂纹扩展的根源。随着工作时间的延长,裂纹最终延伸到表面,导致腐蚀造成泄漏。
Abstract: As the power increases, the internal combustion engine will produce higher cylinder temperatures, which in turn will cause the combustion chamber components to heat up. Therefore, the cooling system of internal combustion engine is particularly important. Cooler Exchange Tube is an important part of cooling system, and its corrosion perforation will directly affect the effective operation of internal combustion engine. In this paper, the cause of corrosion perforation of the heat exchange tube of a marine internal combustion engine cooler is analyzed. The basic causes of copper pipe corrosion drilling hole are analyzed from the aspects of composition, structure and performance. The final conclusion is that corrosion occurs in the inner wall of the copper tube, leading to the root cause of crack propagation. With the extension of working time, the cracks eventually extend to the surface, leading to corrosion and leakage.
關键词:铜管;点蚀;穿孔
Key words: copper tube;pitting;perforated
中图分类号:TK407 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-957X(2021)24-0145-04
1 概述
内燃机随着功率提高,会产生较高的缸内温度,进而造成燃烧室部件温度升高,因此内燃机的冷却系统就显得尤为重要,其性能的优劣直接影响内燃机的使用寿命及燃油经济性。用吸热介质冷却高温零件,以保持内燃机在最佳温度状况下工作的装置。在内燃机中,由于气缸套、气缸盖、活塞和气门等机件直接与高温燃气接触受到强烈的加热,机件温度很高。这不仅会导致机件强度降低,而且可能产生很大的热应力,使机件损坏。高温还会破坏气缸壁上的润滑油膜,使润滑油氧化变质,以致活塞、活塞环和气缸套严重磨损、咬伤或粘着。此外,过高的温度还会使进入气缸的空气密度降低,引起爆震、早燃等不正常燃烧。为了保证内燃机正常、可靠的运转,必须通过冷却系统对这些高温机件冷却。内燃机工作时,燃料燃烧所放出的热量有20~35%是由冷却系统散走的。……
