钩藤现代研究进展
2021-01-06蒋京辰李梅珊朱廷春
蒋京辰 李梅珊 朱廷春




【摘 要】 钩藤是广西壮族自治区在2021年确定的31种区域特色中药材之一,其具有降压、抗心律失常、抗脑缺血、镇静、抗血栓、抗肿瘤等多种药理作用。钩藤具有神经毒性和肝毒性。文章就钩藤化学成分及其药理作用、毒性作用及其在整体动物上的毒性表现和毒性作用机制做一综述。
【关键词】 钩藤;毒性;神经毒性;肝毒性
【中图分类号】R285.1 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517(2021)22-0074-05
Modern Research Progress of Uncaria Rhynchophylla
JIANG Jingchen1 LI Meishan1 ZHU Yanchun2*
1.State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for
Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004,China
2.College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Handan University,Hebei Key Laboratory of Heterocyclic Compounds, Handan 056005, China
Abstract:Uncaria rhynchophylla was one of 31 regional characteristic traditional Chinese medicinal materials which recommended by Guangxi Province at 2021. The pharmacology action of included depressurization, antiarrhythmic, against cerebral ischemia, sedative, antithrombus, and anti-cancer. Meanwhile, the toxicology of hepatotoxicity and neurovirulence Uncaria rhynchophylla had been reported. This review summarizes the research progress of chemical components, pharmacology, toxicology and potential mechanism of Uncaria rhynchophylla.
Keywords:Uncaria Rhynchophylla; Toxicology Effect; Neurovirulence; Hepatotoxicity
鉤藤(Uncaria rhynchophylla)原名“钓藤”,为茜草科植物钩藤Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.)Miq.ex Havil、大叶钩藤Uncaria macrophylla Wall.、毛钩藤Uncaria hirsuta Havil.、华钩藤Uncaria sinensis(Oliv.) Havil.或无柄果钩藤Uncaria sessilifructus Roxb.的干燥带钩茎枝。《中华人民共和国药典》记载其具有息风定惊,清热平肝之功效。常用于肝风内动、惊痫抽搐、高热惊厥、感冒夹惊、小儿惊啼、妊娠子痫、头痛眩晕[1],其形态及常用药用部位见下图1和图2[2]。
钩藤属植物在我国有10~14种,而钩藤的植物资源分布在福建、江西、广东、广西、湖南、湖北、贵州、云南、浙江、四川和安徽等[3-4],详见下表1[5]。《本草纲目》曰:“古方多用皮,后世多用钩,取其力锐尔。”《本草汇言》云:“钩藤,久煎无力,他药煎熟十余沸,投入即起,颇得力也。去梗纯用嫩钩,功力十倍。”[6]《广西本草选编》记载用钩藤全株5钱至1两,水煎服,治疗感冒风热,高烧抽搐,高血压,头晕,头痛,目眩。用全株1斤水煎代茶饮,可解断肠草中毒[7]。
此外,在中医治疗当中,钩藤常与天麻做为药对。如中医天麻钩藤饮方组出自《杂病证治新义》,该方具补益肝肾、平肝潜阳以及清热活血等作用,天麻钩藤饮方是当前中医治疗高血压病的一张经典代表方[8]。而国内外学者对于天麻钩藤饮方的研究大多停留在临床患者或者实验动物的临床疗效观察统计上[9-10],对于钩藤毒性成分的毒性作用在经典方中所表现出来的不良反应,以及是否成剂量相关性,鲜有文献发表。……
