桂玲 巴根那 萨仁高娃

【摘 要】 为正本清源，文章对蒙药材凤仙花本草学的历史源流做了考证，认为历代本草收载的野凤仙花树矮小，花为紫红色或红色，叶为锯齿。现代蒙医用的野凤仙花（水金凤）高40～100 cm，花大、黄色。指甲花40～100 cm，茎肉质，直立。这些特征都与历代本草记载的野凤仙花特征不相符。考证结果，历代本草记载的野凤仙花为鹅首马先蒿pedicularis  chenocephala  Diels，蒙医传统药用水金凤和指甲花为认用过程中形成的新品种。

【关键词】 蒙药材; 野凤仙花;本草考证

【中图分类号】R281   【文献标志码】 A    【文章编号】1007-8517（2021）22-0034-04

A Textual Study on the Mongolian Medicinal Herb Balamina

GUI Ling1 BA Genna2 SAREN Gaowa1

1. Affiliated Hospital Of Inner Mongolia University For Nationalities， Tongliao 028000，China;

2.Inner Mongolia University For Nationalities， Tongliao，028000 China

Abstract：In order to clear the original source， this paper makes a textural research on the historical origins of the Mongolian herbal medicine Impatiens balsamina. It is believed that the wild Impatiens balsamina collected by the herbal medicine in the past generations is short tree， and the flowers are purplish red or red are sawtooth. Modern Mongolian wild impatiens （Shuijinfeng） 10-10C. Large， yellow henna 40-100m， fleshy， erect. These characteristics are not consistent with the characteristics of the wild phoenix recorded in the herbals of the past dynasties. The results of textual research show that the Balsamina recorded in ancient Chinese herbs is a new variety formed in the process of the traditional Mongolian medicine of Pedicularis chenocephala Diels using the medicinal potions of golden wind and fingernails.

Keywords：Mongolian Medicine; Lmpatiens Balsamina; Herbal Textual Research

1 名字來源

野凤仙花蒙古名扎奈-哈莫日-其其格，为凤仙花科植物的干燥全草，别名水金凤、凤仙花、美多浪那、野凤仙花、浩木森-宝德格-其其格（指甲花）。其中药味甘，性温。理气活血，调经，舒筋活络。蒙药味甘，性凉。利尿，消肿，治伤，燥 “希日乌素”[1-4]。

从历代本草学记载来看扎奈-哈莫日-其其格以美朵浪那朵的名字最早始载于《辞海》[1]。而扎奈-哈莫日-其其格命名是始载于《智慧之源》[5]，以扎奈-（哈巴日）哈莫日-其其格为命名。其性、味、功效、形态、别名在历代文献均有描述。《金光注释》[6]《认药白晶鉴》[7]等蒙医文献中记载“其花冠盔部有伸长似大象鼻子的喙，所以叫象鼻花”。美朵浪那是藏名，寓意为象鼻花的意思。蒙医一直把水金凤（Iimpatiens noli-tangere L.）和指甲花（Impatiens balsamina L.）作为扎奈-哈莫日-其其格用的。但是指甲花这名字的来源在蒙医、藏医历代文献中并没有记载，而是《中华本草》[8]中凤仙花的释名中：凤仙花，《纲目》曰“其花头翘尾足，俱翘翘然如凤状，故以名之”。……