王青 任杰群 图尔罕•麦麦提伊敏 陈国康 党婷婷 罗朝喜 马冠华

摘要 ：近年随着乡村产业调整和果业发展，褐腐病在我国的发生呈加重趋势。本文对重庆地区核果类果树褐腐病的发生状况做了调查分析，在室内通过平板及离体果实试验，筛选拮抗菌和化学药剂，为田间防治实践提供科学依据。主要结果如下：桃褐腐病在重庆普遍发生，核果类果树均易感，病原菌经鉴定为果生链核盘菌Monilinia fructicola;系统调查初步分析发现，降雨时间与李褐腐病发生发展关系最密切，其与病情指数增幅的相关系数R=0.94（P<0.05）;平板对峙和离体桃果筛选，获得2株有生防潜力的放线菌YLS5-2和YYDB3-1，二者的抑菌率分别为91.3%和84.5%，相对防效分别为65.1%和67.1%，可能具有较好的应用前景;平板毒力测定和离体桃果控病试验，效果最优的化学药剂分别为戊唑醇、苯甲·丙环唑，其中戊唑醇在推荐浓度处理96 h其离体果实防效仍维持在100%水平。

关键词 ：果生链核盘菌; 发生调查; 拮抗放线菌; 化学药剂

中图分类号：

S 436.62

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020392

Preliminary study on the incidence and control of brown rot on stone fruit trees in Chongqing

WANG Qing1， REN Jiequn2， TUERHAN·Maimaitiyimin1，3， CHEN Guokang1，

DANG Tingting1， LUO Chaoxi4， MA Guanhua1*

（1.College of Plant Protection， Southwest University， Chongqing 400716， China;

2.Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agriculture Science， Wanzhou 404155， China;

3.Kashi Custom， The People’s Republic of China， Kashi 844000， China; 4.College of

Plant Science and Technology， Huazhong Agriculture University， Wuhan 430070， China）

Abstract

With the adjustment and development of countryside production， brown rot is getting more serious in China.In this study， the incidence of brown rot on stone fruit trees was investigated and control experiments in vitro peaches were conducted in laboratory.The results indicated that brown rot disease occurred generally in Chongqing areas， and all stone fruits were susceptible to the pathogen， which was finally identified as Monilinia fructicola after single spore isolation.The systematic investigation suggested the rainfall time （h） was the main factor affecting disease increase， with the positive correlation coefficient of 0.94.The inhibiting effects of two actinomycetes strains YLS5-2， YYDB3-1 were 91.3% and 84.5% against M.fructicola on plates， while the relative control efficacies were 65.1% and 67.1% to peach brown rot in vitro fruits， respectively， suggesting that they had potential application prospects in field control.The results of toxicity detection and control tests of six fungicides showed tebuconazole and benzoyl propiconazole had better effects， especially tebuconazole showing more persistent control efficacy in vitro peach fruits in recommended concentrations within 96 hours.

Key words

Monilinia fructicola; incidence investigation; antagonistic actinomycete; fungicide

褐腐病（brown rot）是核果類作物重要的真菌病害，可危害桃、李、杏、樱桃等果树，病原菌包括美澳型果生链核盘菌Monilinia fructicola、松散链核盘菌M.laxa、果生链核盘菌M.fructigena、云南链核盘菌M.yunnanesis、梅果串珠霉Monilia mumecola等，在我国大部分省区以M.fructicola为优势种[1]。褐腐病在世界主要桃产区均有分布[23]，我国四川、贵州、云南、河南、山东、北京等16个省市有发生报道[45]。该病主要危害果实，引起果实腐烂、失水干缩形成僵果，也感染花、叶和幼嫩枝梢，造成花、叶和枝干枯萎[69]。……