APP下载

向日葵抗列当品种的田间鉴定与筛选

2021-01-04杜磊云晓鹏白全江苏雅杰田晓燕康文钦张光韩丽

植物保护 2021年6期

杜磊 云晓鹏 白全江 苏雅杰 田晓燕 康文钦 张光 韩丽

摘要 :寄生性植物向日葵列当Orobanche cumana Wallr.已经成为我国向日葵产业发展的重要限制因素。种植抗性品种是目前控制向日葵列当最经济有效的途径。本研究在2012年-2017年以田间自然鉴定的方式对124个品种(食葵85个,油葵39个)进行了188批次的抗列当田间鉴定试验,参试品种包括了近10年来向日葵产区内的绝大部分市场销售品种以及部分新杂交组合。本项研究明确了上述品种的抗列当等级。筛选出免疫或高抗列当的向日葵食葵品种26个,油葵品种25个,其中部分商品性较好的免疫品种在向日葵列当综合防治技术集成中发挥了重要作用。结合田间试验鉴定的结果,本文还对田间自然鉴定法存在的问题以及抗性等级的划分标准进行了讨论。

关键词 :向日葵列当; 品种抗性; 田间鉴定

中图分类号:

S 453

文献标识码: A

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020446

Identification and field screening of sunflower cultivars resistant to broomrape Orobanche cumana Wallr.

DU Lei1, YUN Xiaopeng1, BAI Quanjiang1*, SU Yajie1, TIAN Xiaoyan1,

KANG Wenqin2, ZHANG Guang3, HAN Li3

(1.Plant Protection Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry Sciences,

Hohhot 010031, China; 2.Institute of Rural Economic and Information, Inner Mongolia Academy of

Agriculture & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; 3.Urad Front Banner Agricultural

Technology Extension Center, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Bayannur 014400, China)

Abstract

The parasitic weed Orobanche cumana Wallr.has become the most serious constraint on sunflower production in China.It has been proved that planting resistant cultivars is the most effective and economic way to control parasitic weed.In this study, resistance of 124 sunflower cultivars,including 85 confectionary sunflowers and 39 oilseed sunflowers to O.cumana were identified by field identification during 2012-2017.All tested cultivars were market varieties and some new hybrids in sunflower production area in the last 10 years.26 confectionary cultivars and 25 oilseed cultivars with immune or high resistance to broomrape were selected.Some of them can play a significant role in the integration of control technology to broomrape.In addition, problems existing in field test method and criteria of selection were discussed.

Key words

Orobanche cumana; variety resistance; field identification

向日葵列當Orobanche cumana Wallr.是一种专性寄生杂草,寄生于向日葵根部并夺取寄主的营养与水分,具有适生性广、传播快等特点,是世界向日葵生产中的一个难以解决的问题。向日葵列当在我国广泛分布于各大向日葵产区,其中在内蒙古等地的向日葵产区,列当发生严重的寄生率达100%,造成向日葵减产30%~45%[1]。培育和种植抗性品种是目前防治向日葵列当最为简便、有效的途径。但由于列当是一种较易发生变异的寄生性杂草,新型生理小种突破旧有寄主抗性的情况经常发生,因此对其抗性育种是一项需要持续进行的工作[2]。……

登录APP查看全文