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大断面黄土隧道机械开挖超欠挖控制技术分析

2021-01-03赵虎吴发展田鹏阳

河南科技 2021年22期

赵虎 吴发展 田鹏阳

摘 要:由于黄土隧道稳定性差,在控制超欠挖方面,西塬隧道Ⅴ级黄土以分部开挖法为主。文章主要分析超欠挖控制技术重点和影响因素,并采取针对性的超欠挖控制措施。通过采取含水率极限值指导开挖、缩短开挖循环时间、台阶长度优化、预留变形量调控、机械配套选用以及工法工艺优化等措施,机械开挖超欠挖控制取得了较好的成效。

关键词:黄土隧道;机械开挖;超欠挖;含水率;台阶长度;预留变形量

中图分类号:U455 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2021)22-0070-04

Abstract: Due to the poor stability of the Loess Tunnel, in controlling over-excavation and under-excavation, the grade V loess of Xiyuan tunnel is mainly excavated by sections. The key points and influencing factors of over excavation and under excavation control technology are analyzed, and targeted over excavation and under excavation control measures. By taking measures such as the limit value of water content guides excavation, shortens excavation cycle time, optimizes bench length, regulates reserved deformation, selects machinery and optimizes construction methods and processes, the control of over and under excavation of mechanical excavation has achieved good results.

Keywords: loess tunnel;mechanical excavation;over excavation and under excavation;moisture content;step length;reserved deformation

由于隧道能改善線形,缩短线路里程[1],高速公路越岭时常采用隧道方案。黄土软弱松散、黏聚性差,导致黄土隧道稳定性差,所以V级黄土隧道以分部开挖法为主[2],如兴旺峁隧道V级围岩黄土地层采用三台阶预留核心土[3]。刘文学等[4]通过研究大断面黄土隧道机械化配套实现了快速施工。采用悬臂掘进机非爆法开挖控制超欠挖,利用悬臂掘进机铣挖工艺进行岩面土体的切削、铲运与出渣作业,通过后方激光定位仪为开挖轮廓提供精准导向。吴占科[5]分析了大断面黄土隧道施工风险并提出了应对措施,指出机械挖掘进程中应尽量避免超欠挖现象。以下依托西塬隧道介绍黄土隧道机械开挖超欠挖控制技术。

1 工程概况

西塬隧道为左右线分离式隧道,左线长1 216 m,右线长1 248 m,设计速度100 km/h。全隧道设置紧急停车带2处,人行横洞2处,车行横洞1处,汽车荷载等级为公路Ⅰ级。隧道左右线均为单向2车道,隧道轮廓宽11.7 m,高9 m,断面开挖面积约110 m2,隧道断面规模100~225 m2为大断面[6]。……

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