播种密度对谷子农艺性状及产量的影响
2020-12-28刘鑫成锴王振华刘红王枫叶田岗李会霞王玉文余爱丽张鹏
刘鑫 成锴 王振华 刘红 王枫叶 田岗 李会霞 王玉文 余爱丽 张鹏



摘要 [目的]探索谷子在不同播种密度条件下农艺性状及产量的变化情况。[方法]以长生13为材料,设置60万、57万、54万、51万、48 万、45 万株/hm2 6个不同的播种密度,研究播种密度对谷子农艺性状、单株干物质量及产量的影响。[结果]长生13随着播种密度从60万株/hm2到45万株/hm2的逐渐减小,株高变化不显著,穗长、穗粗、千粒重均随着播种密度减小而增加;单株干物质量总体趋势是播种密度越小,单株干物质量越大;产量随播种密度减小先略有提高,后降低,再有较大提高,在播种密度45万株/hm2时达到最高。[结论]长生13产量在播种密度45万株/hm2时达到最高。该研究可为谷子高产栽培技术的进一步研究提供理论基础。
关键词 播种密度;谷子;农艺性状;产量
中图分类号 S 515文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611(2020)23-0054-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.23.013
Effects of Sowing Density on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Millet
LIU Xin, CHENG Kai, WANG Zhen-hua et al
(Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Changzhi, Shanxi 046011)
Abstract [Objective]To explore the changes in agronomic characteristics and yield of millet under different sowing densities.[Method]Using Changsheng 13 as the material, six different sowing densities of 600 000, 570 000, 540 000, 510 000, 480 000, 450 000 plants/hm2 were set to study the effects of planting density on the agronomic characters, dry matter quality per plant and yield of millet.[Result]As the sowing density of Changsheng 13 gradually decreased from 600 000 plants/hm2 to 450 000 plants/hm2, the plant height did not change significantly, and the ear length, ear diameter, and 1 000-grain weight all increased with the decrease of the sowing density;the general trend of dry matter quality per plant was that the lower the sowing density, the greater the dry matter mass per plant;with the decrease of sowing density, the yield increased slightly at first, then decreased, and then increased greatly, reaching the highest when the sowing density was 450 000 plants/hm2. [Conclusion]The yield of Changsheng 13 reached the highest when the sowing density was 450 000 plants/hm2. This research can provide a theoretical basis for further research on high-yield cultivation techniques of millet.
Key words Sowing density;Millet;Agronomic characters;Yield
谷子是一種抗旱节水耐贫瘠土壤的农作物[1],是具有较强抗旱性和耐贫瘠性的环境友好型植物,在我国北方干旱和半干旱土地作物区广泛种植[2]。同时谷子也是山西省农业供给侧结构性改革、种植产业结构调整和大力发展优势杂粮的重点作物之一[3]。合理的播种密度可以促使谷子群体与单个植株间协调生长,保障谷子达到最大产量。播种密度是维持单位土地面积农作物群体数量和空间结构的主要因素,合理密植可以保证农作物群体有效利用光、热、水、肥等资源[4]。谷子播种较稀时,单个植株能充分发育形成大穗,但有效穗数不足时会导致群体产量低;而增加密度,单个植株发育受影响,有效穗数增加,群体产量提高;密度太高时,单个植株生长受阻,群体产量反而降低[5]。……
