吕琳　段凤琴　李向阳

摘要 研究了荷叶离褶伞（Lyophyllum decastes）菌糠堆肥生产有机肥的方法，并利用生产荷叶离褶伞废弃菌糠经微生物发酵生产的有机肥料，与等量的化学无机肥一起进行田间对照试验。结果表明，菌糠在发酵过程中，达到55  ℃以上发酵温度的天数为12 d， C/N为37.4，T值为0.54，达到完全腐熟的标准。制备的菌糠有机肥可以显著提高小白菜的根长和产量，与等量的化学无机肥处理相比，产量提高了25.7%。因此，采用此方法生产荷叶离褶伞菌糠有机肥可以实现资源的有效再利用，值得进一步推广。

关键词 荷叶离褶伞菌糠;有机肥;产量;土壤肥力

中图分类号 S141.4文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）22-0152-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.22.039

Production of Organic Fertilizer by Composting of the Waste Fungus Chaff of Lyophyllum decastes

L Lin1， DUAN Feng-qin2， LI Xiang-yang2 （1. Hulunbuir Forestry Science Research Institute，Hulunbuir，Inner Mongolia 021000;2.Hulun Buir Xiguitu Biological Resources Development Co. Ltd.，Yakeshi， Inner Mongolia 022150）

Abstract The production of organic fertilizer by composting of the waste fungus chaff of Lyophyllum decastes was studied， and a field control experiment was carried out by using organic fertilizer produced by composting of the waste fungus chaff of Lyophyllum decastes against the same amount of chemical inorganic fertilizer. The results showed that C/N， T was 37.4%，0.54，the time of fermentation temperature being more than 55 ℃ was 12 days. Organic fertilizer produced by composting of the waste fungus chaff of Lyophyllum decastes improved significantly the root length and output of pakchoi， Its output was increased by 25.7% compared with the same amount of chemical inorganic fertilizer treatment. Therefore， using the method proposed in this paper to produce organic fertilizer can realize the effective reuse of resources， which is worthy of further promotion.

Key words Lyophyllum decastes chaff;Organic fertilizer;Output;Soil fertility

基金項目 内蒙古自治区科技创新引导项目（KCMS2018007）。

作者简介 吕琳（ 1993—），女，山东郓城人，初级工程师，硕士，从事森林培育研究。

收稿日期 2020-04-09;修回日期 2020-04-29

荷叶离褶伞是我国北方适应培育的低温型草腐菌，呼伦贝尔市喜桂图生物资源开发有限公司经过十余年研究，《低温型草腐菌荷叶离褶伞工厂化高效培育技术》科技成果达到国内领先水平，其中生产荷叶离褶伞三级菌培养基以森林枯枝落叶、农业秸秆和野草培养基为主，逐步取代以木腐菌产业格局，为生态保护和经济转型作示范。

荷叶离褶伞工厂化大规模生产的同时，产生大量废弃菌糠，研究发现废弃的荷叶离褶伞菌糠中含有大量的氮、磷、钾以及有机酸、多种维生素和矿物元素。菌糠可以作为土壤改良剂、无土栽培基质、生物燃料使用，但用量较小，生产菌糠有机肥仍是大批量处置菌糠的理想方法。……