周艳波　陈丕茂　冯雪　袁华荣

摘要 通过模拟广东主要海洋经济物种种苗在增殖放流的运输过程和放流初期机械损伤、环境突变和敌害生物捕食等因素的影响，掌握其放流初期存活率，并结合放流初期其生理生化指标分析，探讨放流运输对其生理状况的影响。结果表明，在降温桶装運输、抄网捞取投放、模拟敌害生物捕食条件下，紫红笛鲷（Lutianu sargentimaculatus）、红笛鲷（Lutjanus sanguineus）、黑鲷（Sparus macrocephlus）和斑节对虾（Penaeus monodonsudden）的初期存活率分别为85.4%、83.1%、75.5%和91.1%。在虾苗袋充氧密封运输、模拟敌害生物捕食条件下，斑节对虾的放流初期存活率为91.9%;紫红笛鲷种苗降温桶运输放流3 h后，种苗体内肝、鳃组织的SOD活性、MDA含量均升至最高，肝组织的SOD活性和MDA含量分别为对照组的2.6和2.9倍;鳃组织的SOD活性和MDA含量分别为对照组的1.77和2.36倍;AChE活性则无显著性差异，说明降温桶运输放流3 h前后对紫红笛鲷种苗产生的胁迫作用最强。

关键词 海洋经济物种;增殖放流;运输;存活率

中图分类号 S931.5文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）22-0103-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.22.027

Study on the Survival Rate of Main Marine Economic Species during Initial Enhancement and Releasing Stages in Guangdong Province

ZHOU Yan-bo，CHEN Pi-mao，FENG Xue et al （South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Key Laboratory of Marine Ranch Technology of CAFS， Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environment of  Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology Environment in Guangdong Province，Guangzhou， Guangdong  510300）

Abstract This experiment simulated the transportation of main marine economic species during the proliferation-releasing process and the influences of the mechanical damage， environmental mutation and predator predators during the initial releasing period， in order to study the survival rate during the initial releasing period. Based on the physiological and biochemical indices analysis of marine economic species， the influences of releasing and transportation on the physiological condition of marine economic species were discussed. The results showed that the initial survival rate of Lutianu sargentimaculatus， Lutjanus sanguineus， Sparus macrocephlus and Penaeus monodons were 85.4%，83.1%，75.5% and 91.1% respectively under the conditions of cooling barrel transport， dip net for delivery，  predating by simulating hostile organisms. Under the conditions of oxygenation and sealed transport in shrimp bags and predating by simulating hostile organisms， the initial releasing survival rate of Penaeus monodonsudden was 91.9%. After  the cooling barrel transport and releasing 3 h， SOD activity and MDA content in the  liver and gill tissues reached the highest values. SOD activity and MDA content in liver tissues were 2.6 and 2.9 times as that of control group， SOD activity and MDA content in gill tissues were 1.77 and 2.36 times as that of control group. But AChE activity had no significant difference with control group. The results indicated that the stress on L.sargentimaculatus seedlings was the strongest after the cooling barrel transport and releasing 3 hours.

Key words Marine economic species;Enhancement and releasing;Transport;Survival rate

基金项目 国家科技支撑计划课题（2012BAD18B02）;国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目（201003068）;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2015TS05，2012TS09）。

作者简介 周艳波（1983—），男，河南周口人，助理研究员，硕士，从事海洋牧场与资源增殖研究。*通信作者，研究员，从事渔业资源保护与利用等方面研究。

收稿日期 2020-04-12

增殖放流是指用人工方法向天然水域投放鱼、虾、贝和藻等水生生物的幼体（或成体或卵等）以增加种群数量、改善和优化水域的渔业资源群落结构，从而达到增殖渔业资源、改善水域环境、保持生态平衡的目的[1]。……