随着江苏高考的改革，英语写作在试卷中的分值由原来的25分增加到了40分。因此提高学生的写作能力变得越来越突出。英语写作是英语听、说、读、写四项基本技能之一，也是学生英语学习最重要的输出方式之一。我们都知道一篇好的英语作文必须做到：内容充实、过渡自然、思路清晰、行文连贯。而在实际英语写作教学中，连接词的使用问题普遍存在于学生的英语写作中，学生英语作文的质量受到了很大影响。因此，老师在平时的写作教学中要有意识地教会学生多多尝试用上一些连接词和过渡词来增加作文的连贯性和流畅性。

高考的书面表达其中一项评分标准要求：“能有效地使用语句间的连接成分，全篇文章结构紧凑，思维清晰。”所以，考生们如果在平时的学习中能有意识地去掌握使用关联词语，就能快速有效地抓住关键句并予以突破。而如果在书面表达中，能恰当地使用各类关联词，文章就会有如行云流水般流畅。根据笔者多年的教学，现将学生在写作中应该掌握的连接词的用法简单归纳如下：

一、连接词的分类

1. 并列连词

1） 表示联合关系的并列连词：and， both...and， neither...nor。

I am a student and Jack is a teacher.

Neither you nor he has ever seen the film.

2） 表示转折关系的并列连词：but， while （然而，而）， whereas， nevertheless。

Sometimes I am willing， yet unable.

Tom was doing housework while his younger brother was watching TV. 汤姆在做家务而他的弟弟在看电视。

3）表示选择关系的并列连词：or， or else， otherwise， either...or...。

Do you like going out or staying at home？

4） 表示因果关系的并列连词：so （所以）， for （因为）， then， thus， therefore。

It is morning， for the birds are singing. 是早晨了，因为鸟叫了。

He was busy， therefore he could not come.

2. 从属连词

从属连词可分为两类：引导名词性从句的从属连词和引导状语从句的从属连词。

1） 引导名词性从句的从属连词

引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词：that， whether 和if，这些连接词在句中不充当任何句子成分;连接代词主要有：who， whom， whose， which， what等，它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等;连接副词主要有：when， where， how， why等，它们在句中可作状语。

It is known that light travels faster than sound.

众所周知，光比声音的速度块。 （主语从句）

This is what he told us. 这就是他告诉我的事情。 （表语从句）

The news that our team won the game makes us excited. 我们队赢得比赛的消息使我们非常激动。

2） 引导状语从句的从属连词

在句中作状语的从句叫状语从句，也叫副词性从句。它修饰谓语、非谓语动词、状语或整个句子。状语从句由从属连词引导，可表示时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、比较、方式等。

二、连接词的作用

正如许多教育专家所说，英语是一种典型的重合语言，它可以用“竹节句法”来比喻英语句子，从中不难看出连接词在英语中举足轻重的地位。

首先连接词的使用可以使文章框架更加明晰，逻辑结构更加合理。因此，在平时的教学中我们应该鼓励学生适当地使用连接词使文章的框架清晰明了，比如文章结构是总分总，总分或者是分总结构。

I have many hobbies， such as singing， reading， collecting stamps and so on. First of all， my hobbies can make me healthy. In addition， my hobbies make me outgoing. Last but not least... In a word， hobbies can...文章第一句先引出話题 （topic）， 接着用such as 来列举自己的兴趣爱好。然后用first of all， in addition， last but not least等来阐述自己喜欢这些hobbies 的理由。最后以in a word来进行总结。加入这些连接词后，整篇文章就变得结构清晰，逻辑合理，让读者一目了然。

其次，连接词在英语作文中会使文章过渡自然，语篇连贯。英语句子强调自然流畅、逻辑严谨。在同一个段落中，虽然句子与句子之间存在一定的逻辑关系，但仍然需要相应的连接词的帮助才能使文章的意思更具体、明确，关系更加紧凑。

在平时的写作教学中，老师要改变传统的教学模式，把教学重点由以前的句子层面转到注重篇章的整体性和连贯性。以往，老师在批改作文时，往往会侧重修改语法错误，而忽略了整个语篇的结构和连贯性。因此，在以后的教学中，老师应该强调文章的连贯性和整体性，让学生熟悉各种连接词，掌握衔接手段的运用技巧，从而达到增强语篇构造能力。

当堂巩固

一、用适当的连接词完成下列句子

1. He has been interested in rain forests     he was a child.

2. Some of this pressure comes from the school teachers，     most from your parents.

3. Wonder why you get angry so easily while your friend smiles all the time？ Its probably     you both have different personalities （个性）.

4. Do you ever wish you had more time？ Everyone gets the same amount of time each day. But here are some ways to use those hours better.     a popular saying says， “Work smarter， not harder.”

5. Reduce means “use less”. Do not waste things. Do not order more food     you can finish.

6. You might think its a joke，     Smith and Zellers experiment has a serious point： can robots and people get along？

7. Some people lack traffic safety awareness. Besides， some people are in such a hurry     they dont want to wait for the green light.

8.     you spend a whole month playing video games day and night， you will feel terrible.

9.     you may be unhappy with your parents， you should talk about these feelings with them.

10.     he returned to hotel， the Frenchman told his wife what had happened. He was greatly surprised when his wife pointed to the watch on the table. Now he realized that he had robbed the Italian of his watch by accident.

二、把下列句子按正確的顺序排列

1. Another way to improve your listening comprehension is to watch English news programmes on TV or to listen to English radio programmes.

2. Today， I would like to tell you about different ways to study English.

3. I have been doing all these things， so I have made great progress in learning English.

4. Besides focusing on listening and writing skills， you should also take every opportunity to speak English in and after class.

5. Second， you may find it helpful to watch English films， as it can help you practice your English listening， and it makes listening English a lot more interesting.

6. For example， you can read articles in an English newspaper like China Daily.

7. First， you should be sure to read something in English every day.

8. Third， you should work on your English writing by doing something like keeping a diary in English or writing to an English-speaking penfriend.

9. In this way， you can use English every day and improve your fluency.

10. However， if newspapers do not interest you， you may choose a novel that appears to you and read one or two pages everyday.

→ → → → → → → → →

参考答案

一、

1. since 2. and 3. because 4. As 5. unless

6. but 7. that 8. If 9. Although 10. When

二、

2→7→6→10→5→1→8→4→9→3

（作者：潘井正，江苏省灌南高级中学）