随着高考政策改革的推进，全国各地高考题型都做了一定的改变。江苏于2021年开始第一次进入全国卷题型的行列，试卷中出现了七选五、语法填空、应用文写作、读后续写等新题型。教师和学生已经习惯了原来的自主命题的考查，虽然对新题型的解题技巧有一定了解，但是在做新题型时仍然觉得有些许挑战。从学生平日的练习中可以看到，学生在做七选五题型的阅读时，压力较大，需要从根本上来解决存在的问题，帮助学生提高英语成绩。笔者在平时的教学中发现，学生之所以在做此类题时感觉有困难，其实还是因为在阅读理解方面缺乏思辨能力。如何提高阅读文本时的思辨能力、提高新题型七选五阅读的解题能力，笔者提出以下几点建议。

提高阅读文本的思辨能力

一、重视表逻辑衔接关系的词汇和短语，并形成相关的语言图式

在平时的教学中，笔者发现，学生主要关注的是新教授的单词、短语以及文本中的长难句分析。很少关注语篇的逻辑结构。而在训练七选五的阅读题型时，几乎时时刻刻都在强调逻辑衔接关系。题目中句子之间、段落之间都会有连词衔接，学生根据句子的关键词结合体现逻辑关系的连词，就是正确解答题目的关键。

例如：（2018全国Ⅰ卷）Over the years， there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.  37 ， they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home： the small ones，the medium ones， and the large ones.

答案：A。While all of them are useful

解析：结合第二段第一句中的“a number of different techniques”以及最后一句中的转折词but以及给出的三种设计方案可知，此处表示“虽然这些技巧非常有用，但它们会有一点复杂”，故A项符合语境。

因此在七选五文本材料和选项中的各种体现逻辑关系的词就尤为重要了。试卷中常见的一些关键词如下：

表示因果关系的连词有： so， therefore， thus， due to， for， thanks to， account for， because， owing to，as a result of，as a result等。

表示并列关系的连词有：and，in addition，whats more，moreover，besides，as well as，together with，along with，furthermore等。

表示转折的连词有：but，yet，instead，however，despite，in spite of，though，while，as 等。

表示時间关系的连词有：firstly，to begin with，to start with，first of all，finally，then，meanwhile等。

表示比较的异同的连词有：in the same time，likewise，on the contrary，in contrast，compared with，equally 等。

表示结论的连词有：in conclusion，to sum up，all in all，in a word，in short 等。

表示举例和解释的连词有，for example，for instance，like，such as，that is to say，in other words。

表示强调的连词有：indeed，undoubtedly，definitely等。

二、新题型七选五阅读题的解题技巧——“代词呼应法则”“大象装冰箱法则”“补充必考原则”

1. “代词呼应法则”口诀如下

“空前有新名（词），空中有新代（词）”

“空后有新代（词），空中有新名（词）”

例如：（2019全国卷）Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.  39  It gives us a great feeling of peace.

答案：C。Being in nature refreshes us.

解析：前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用，空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。C选项指出身处大自然可以使人精神焕发符合题意。

2. “大象装冰箱法则”口诀如下：

段首有空缺，必为引导句

段中有空缺，前后意连贯

段末有空缺，承上能启下

a.段首有空缺，必为引导句

例如：（2019全国Ⅰ卷） 37  If the air youre breathing is clean—which it would be if youre away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving， energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors， your body will learn to breathe more deeply， allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.

答案：A。Fresh air cleans our lungs.

解析：该空格放在段落的句首，为主题句。根据空格后下一句“ If the air youre breathing is clean—which it would be if youre away from the smog of...”以及本段内容可知，本部分主要讲述新鲜空气可以清洗我们的肺部，A项符合题意。

b.段中有空缺，前后意连贯

例如：（2016全国卷）

Recall （回忆） your childhood memories. Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad，but thats not whats important.  19 —how being in those gardens made us feel.

答案：C。Its our experience of the garden that matters

解析：解本题可用句意判断法。空格前说“但那一点不重要”，由此可推测空格处会指出什么才是重要的，故选C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”。本设空类型为过渡句类。

c. 段末有空缺，承上能启下

例如：（2013全国卷Ⅰ卷）The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and guidance by the management in authority.  75 .

答案：A。Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

解析：上文講了planning， direction，这里应该是control。

3. 补充必考原则口诀：同词必复现，句式必一致

同词必复现：

例如：Planning is part of being organized， too.15Calendars， lists， and schedules can help you plan. You can buy or draw a calendar and keep it near your workplace.

答案：A。Planning means deciding what you will do and when you will do it.

解析：同词必复现，围绕planning 这一关键词。

句式必一致：

For home stuff， being organized means having a place to put your things and putting them back as you go.  14  It means keeping your schoolbag， your shoes， and your clean underwear in the same places so you always know where to find them.

答案：G。 It means hanging your coat up instead of dropping it on the floor or throwing it on a chair.

解析：句式一致，就像中文里的排比句一样。考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上句的说明，有组织性指一切事物都要有序摆放，下面是具体做法，G项内容符合且与下句并列，故选G。

[牛刀小试]

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.  16  By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

1. Curiosity

Your children need to be deeply curious.  17  Ask kids， “What ingredients（配料） can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？ What could we try next time？

2. Creativity

True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.  18  There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.

3. Interpersonal Skills

Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know whats going on inside our own head， but what about others？ Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.  19  “Why do you think shes crying？” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？” “If someone were to do that to you， how would you feel？”

4. Self Expression

20  There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music， acting， drawing， building， photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we cant forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist？

E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

解析：語篇解读本文为说明文，主要讲述了如何培养孩子们最优秀的技能以满足未来新出现的职业需要。

16. 空格后面一句话的意思为：通过帮助他们培养无论将来怎样都对他们大有帮助的最优秀的技能，所以该空应该是针对方式的提问，故选D项，意思为“所以我们该怎样帮助孩子们为还未出现的工作做准备呢？”

17. 由下文可知此处应该是鼓励孩子和你一起做饭，故选A项。

18. 根据上一句可知：真正的创造力是利用已有的材料创造出新东西的能力。所以该空应该是我们给孩子们机会用新的方式去考虑这些材料，故选C项。

19. 空格前一句话是说能读懂人们的想法有助于孩子们避免误解某种状况和得出错误的结论，下文三句话均是为了理解故事人物而提出的三个问题，故选F项。

20. 根据下文可知：有许多种方法去表达自己的想法和观点。所以本空应该是和交流有关，故选G项，意为“能够用一种有效的方式交流是一种有价值的技能”。

（作者：顾彩云，江苏省海安市李堡中学）