时玲玲　李艳慧

[摘要] 目的 调查献血的影响因素，进而提高大学生的献血率，便于做好无偿献血的宣传工作。方法 在2018年5月—2019年5月应用自制的统一调查问卷的形式对随机抽取的300名在校学生进行调查和分析，现场填写并及时收回，有效回收率为100%，未参加无偿献血受6个方面影响：传媒教育、心理畏惧、安全担忧、献血服务、亲友意见及其他。结果显示未参加无偿献血的为68%，传媒信息对无偿献血影响占42%，心理畏惧占20%，安全担忧占17%，献血服务占11%，亲友意见占5.7%，其他占4.3%。结果 影响大学生无偿献血的因素包含：个体身体状况的差异性、环境限制以及医疗条件的不足。引导大学生无偿献血的主要途径包含：开展健康教育、提升血站采血机构的服务水平以及提升环境舒适度。2015年该地学生无偿献血人次是1 302次，到2018年该地学生无偿献血人次已经达到2 932次，表明该地学生无偿献血人数每年迅速增加，分析原因可能与近几年焦作市无偿献血进行大力宣传和无偿献血走进校园有一定的关系。结论 有针对地做好大学生对无偿献血知识的认识，了解无偿献血的意义，改观家人对无偿献血的认识，能更好地保证无偿献血工作的可持续发展。

[關键词] 大学生;无偿献血;影响因素

[中图分类号] R193 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654（2020）07（c）-0167-03

Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Unpaid Blood Donation of College Students

SHI Ling-ling， LI Yan-hui

Blood Donation Office of Jiaozuo Central Blood Station， Jiaozuo， Henan Province， 454000 China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the influencing factors of blood donation， so as to increase the blood donation rate of college students and facilitate the publicity work of unpaid blood donation. Methods From May 2018 to May 2019， a self-made unified questionnaire was used to investigate and analyze 300 randomly selected students at school， fill out on-site and retrieve them in time， the effective recovery rate was 100%， failure to participate in unpaid blood donation is affected by six aspects： media education， psychological fear， safety concerns， blood donation services， personal opinions and others. The results showed that 68% of those who did not participate in unpaid blood donation accounted for 42% of media information， 20% of psychological fears， 17% of safety concerns， 11% of blood donation services， 5.7% of opinions from relatives and friends， and 4.3% of others. Results The factors that affect the unpaid blood donation of college students include： differences in individual physical conditions， environmental constraints and insufficient medical conditions. The main ways to guide college students to donate blood without compensation include： carrying out health education， improving the service level of blood collection institutions in blood stations， and improving environmental comfort. In 2015， the number of free blood donations by local students was 1 302， and by 2018， the number of free blood donations by local students had reached 2 932， indicating that the number of local students donating blood is increasing rapidly every year. The analysis may be related to the vigorous publicity and unpaid blood donation， donating blood into the campus in Jiaozuo City in recent years. Conclusion A well-targeted understanding of the knowledge of unpaid blood donation among college students， understanding the meaning of unpaid blood donation， and improving family members' understanding of unpaid blood donation can better ensure the sustainable development of unpaid blood donation work.

[Key words] College students; Unpaid blood donation; Influencing factors

《中华人民共和国献血法》第七条指出，“国家鼓励国家工作人员、现役军人和高等学校在校学生率先献血，为树立社会新风尚作表率。”大学生是社会学历文化层次较高的群体，也是无偿献血的主力军，相比其他献血对象，大学生群体具有年龄优势、文化素质优势，同时血液合格率也高于其他献血群体，是理想的低危献血者。……