蔡文萍 沈梅

[摘要] 目的 为3～6岁的儿童进行听力筛查，并分析听力受损的原因，制定合理的保健计划，以提升儿童的听力问题。方法 该研究样本方便选取于2018年9月—2019年9月某市辖区内的6所幼儿园中的儿童，共300例，根据儿童的初次筛查结果进行分组，听力正常的儿童设为健康组（n=274），听力异常的儿童设为异常组（n=26），分析两组儿童出现听力受损情况的原因。结果 经过筛查后，300例儿童中有91.33%的儿童通过听力筛查，其中双耳未通过率为3.71%，单耳未通过率为4.96%，通过分析儿童出现听力受损的孕期状态原因发现，健康组剖宫产（1.82%）、巨大儿（1.09%）、出生窒息（0.72%）以及孕期服用药物的情况（2.18%）均低于异常组（χ2剖宫产=8.632，P<0.005;χ2巨大儿=13.214，P<0.005;χ2窒息=16.927，P<0.05;χ2孕期服药=43.597，P<0.05）。结论 儿童的听力问题应该多加重视，儿童家长应知晓孕期状态对于儿童听力会产生影响，需尽早携带儿童去医院内进行听力检查，多为儿童实施听力保健，以确保儿童可以正常成长发育。

[关键词] 3～6岁;儿童;听力筛查;听力保健

[中图分类号] R764          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-0742（2020）08（c）-0072-03

[Abstract] Objective To perform hearing screening for children aged 3 to 6 years， analyze the causes of hearing loss， and formulate a reasonable health care plan to improve childrens hearing problems. Methods The sample of this study conveniently selected children in 6 kindergartens in a certain municipal area from September 2018 to September 2019， with a total of 300 cases. They were grouped according to the results of the childrens initial screening， and children with normal hearing were set as the healthy group （n=274）， the children with abnormal hearing were set as the abnormal group （n=26）， and the reasons for the hearing impairment of the two groups of children were analyzed. Results After screening， 91.33% of the 300 children passed the hearing screening. Among them， the failure rate for both ears was 3.71% and the failure rate for one ear was 4.96%. It was found by analyzing the pregnancy status causes of hearing impairment in children. Caesarean section （1.82%）， macrosomia （1.09%）， birth asphyxia （0.72%）， and drug use during pregnancy （2.18%） in health group were lower than those in abnormal group （χ2cesarean section=8.632， P<0.005; χ2giant infant=13.214， P<0.005; χ2 asphyxia=16.927， P<0.05; χ2medication during pregnancy=43.597， P<0.05）. Conclusion Childrens hearing problems should be paid more attention to. Parents of children should be aware that the state of pregnancy will affect childrens hearing. It is necessary to take the children to the hospital for hearing examination as soon as possible， and implement hearing care for the children to ensure their normal growth and development.

[Key words] 3 to 6 years old; Children; Hearing screening; Hearing care

兒童的身体发育成熟的时间较长，在此过程中发生的各种因素都会导致儿童的听力受到损伤，引起听力障碍。而且若是在儿童年龄较小（如6岁以下）的阶段发生听力的损伤，会严重影响儿童未来的听觉能力，还会造成智力发育迟缓等结果，严重阻碍了儿童长大后的社会生存和交流能力[1]。随着全球对儿童听力的重视，实施新生儿听力筛查已经是较为普遍的现象，此措施极大提升了新生儿出现听力问题后的确诊时间，减少了新生儿的发病率，但是与之相对应的是儿童的听力损伤问题在逐年增多，对儿童认知、社会发展造成了较为不利的影响。由于许多家长和医师并不具备相关知识，使得此年龄段的儿童常常被误诊为注意力缺陷和智力等问题，极大地延误了最佳治疗时机，所以应对儿童的听力实施规范化、系统化的筛查，争取在早期就可以发现问题，及时治疗，减少儿童的听力障碍问题。……