滇中地区伴发焦虑症状的抑郁障碍患者临床调查研究
2020-10-21曾淑娥易志凯王永江合浩
曾淑娥 易志凯 王永江 合浩



摘要 目的:探討伴发焦虑症状的抑郁障碍患者临床特征,分析其相关因素。方法:选择2017年1月至2018年12月云南省多家精神病专科医院600例符合ICD-10抑郁障碍诊断标准的住院患者,根据是否伴发焦虑症状分为单纯抑郁组和抑郁伴发焦虑组。通过一般情况问卷和量表筛查,对其临床特征进行分析,找出抑郁障碍伴发焦虑症状患者的临床特征。结果:单因素分析发现2组患者在性格、有无起病前的生活事件及家族(遗传)史方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻情况、家庭环境等方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)总分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其各因子失眠障碍、焦虑/躯体化、认知障碍等方面差比较异有统计学意义(P<0.01),抑郁伴发焦虑组明显高于单纯抑郁组。2组在体质量减轻、迟滞等方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA-14)各因子中,精神性焦虑和躯体性焦虑在2组中均有统计学差异(P<0.05),抑郁伴发焦虑组明显高于单纯抑郁组。多因素分析发现,性格、有无起病前的生活事件、家族史对伴发焦虑症状的抑郁障碍有显著影响(P<0.05),为其发病的危险因素。结论:抑郁障碍常伴发焦虑,患者具有症状重、社会功能损害明显、预后差的特征,需引起临床重视。
关键词 单纯性抑郁障碍;焦虑症状;调查研究
Clinical Investigation of Depression Patients with Anxiety in Central Yunnan Province
ZENG Shue,YI Zhikai,WANG Yongjiang,HE Hao
(Yunnan Psychiatric Hospital/the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650224,China)
Abstract Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of depression patients with anxiety and analyze the related factors.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018,600 hospitalized patients who met the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 depression disorder in a number of psychiatric hospitals in Yunnan were selected.According to whether accompanied by anxiety symptoms or not,they were divided into pure depression group and depression accompanied by anxiety group.Through the general situation questionnaire and scale screening,the clinical characteristics were analyzed.Results:Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in personality,life events and family(genetic)history between the two groups(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in gender,age,education,marital status and family environment(P>0.05).The total scores of HAMD-17 in the two groups were significantly different(P<0.05).Among the factors,the differences in insomnia,anxiety somatization,cognitive impairment were statistically significant(P<0.01).There were no significant differences in weight loss and hysteresis between the two groups(P>0.05).The scores of HAMA-14 factors of depression accompanied anxiety group were statistically significant higher than those of the pure depression group(P<0.05).The personality,life events before onset,and family history which had significant effects on depressive disorder accompanied by anxiety symptoms(P<0.05),were the risk factors.Conclusion:Depression disorder accompanied by anxiety is common.Patients with severe symptoms,obvious impairment of social function and poor prognosis should be paid attention to in clinical practice.
Keywords Pure depressive disease;Anxiety; Survey research
中图分类号:R749.42+1文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-7130.2020.01.049
抑郁障碍伴发的焦虑已越来越被重视。据NSC报道,抑郁障碍常与焦虑共存,抑郁障碍一生中患有焦虑症状的比例是58%[1],WHO报道抑郁障碍伴发焦虑的比例在30%~50%[2]。抑郁以“情绪低落”为核心,焦虑以“恐惧、担忧、着急、害怕”为特点,但这2种精神障碍常共存几种症状,如躯体不安、认知异常、睡眠紊乱等[3]。本文以多家医院确诊的600例患者作为研究对象,对伴发焦虑症状的抑郁障碍患者的发生率及严重程度进行了调查及分析。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2017年1月至2018年12月在临床自然情境下滇中地区的昆明、楚雄、曲靖、玉溪4家专科精神病医院。对符合国际疾病分类(ICD-10)抑郁障碍诊断标准、且汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分(HAMD-17)≥17分的首发或是复发患者入组,排除伴发躯体疾病并影响到研究结果评价的患者,排除患有其他精神障碍的患者以及妊娠或哺乳期的妇女。……
