摘 要 目的：通过对少儿编程语言做比较研究，以期为少儿编程教育语言选择提供参考。方法：根据青少年发育特点，对10岁以前和10岁以后两个阶段的少儿需要选择不同的编程语言进行教学。对常见的Scratch、编程猫、Small Basic、Python等编程语言的功能和特点进行详细分析。结果：低年龄段少儿学习编程主要选择图形化、模块化、积木式的编程语言，如Scratch、编程猫等，学员通过编程完成小作品，逐步形成逻辑化的思维习惯;高年龄段少儿需要在编程思维、算法思维、编程技术等方面进一步提高，应选择Small Basic、Python等高级语言进行编程学习。结论：少儿接受编程教育对于培养逻辑思维和计算思维，提高解决问题的能力具有重要意义。选择合适的编程语言有利于激发学习兴趣，提高编程能力，为进一步的人工智能学习打下编程基础。

关键词 计算机教育;编程语言;比较研究;Scratch;Python

Abstract Objectives：To make a comparative study on childrens programming language， so as to provide reference for selection of language in childrens  programming education.Methods：According to the characteristics of adolescent development，children in the two stages before the age of 10 and after the age of 10 need to choose different programming languages for teaching.The functions and features of common programming languages，such as Scratch，Codemao，Small Basic，Python，etc.Results：Children at low ages mainly choose graphical，modular， building block programming languages for programming，such as Scratch，Codemao，to guide children interested in programming，complete small works，and let them gradually form logical thinking.Children at the senior age group need to further improve their programming thinking，algorithmic thinking，and programming technology.Advanced languages such as Small Basic and Python are suitable for programming learning of children above the age of 10.Conclusion：Childrens programming education is of great significance in cultivating logical and computational thinking and improving their ability to solve problems.Choosing the proper programming language is conducive to stimulating learning interest and improving programming skills，and providing basis of programming for further artificial intelligence learning.

Key words Computer education;Programming language;Comparative study;Scratch;Python

背景

近年來，随着我国经济高速发展，人们在教育方面的投资意愿持续增强。2017年7月8日，国家中央政府网站发布了《国务院关于印发新一代人工智能发展规划的通知》（国发[2017]35号文件），第一次正式把人工智能提高到了国家战略发展层面，刺激、鼓励社会各界参与我国人工智能的建设和发展。信息产业和教育产业方面的政策利好，推动了信息化教育尤其是少儿编程教育的蓬勃发展。人工智能带来的无人驾驶、人脸识别、电子支付等新兴信息化技术，以及渗透至生活各个方面的信息化系统，都与编程密不可分，这些信息技术的革新和升级，给编程行业带来广阔的发展机会及应用前景。……