a-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶(ALDC)对酿酒中双乙酰控制效果研究
2020-10-21李忠英罗跃中刘军
李忠英 罗跃中 刘军
摘 要:文章研究了α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶(ALDC)对啤酒双乙酰含量的影响。已知ALDC通过绕过双乙酰生成途径来减少双乙酰。在此,在添加ALDC的条件下酿造啤酒。游离氨基氮(如缬草碱)对双乙酰的生成有相反的影响。在样品中加入0.02,0.04,0.06单位/mL的ALDC,并对所得啤酒的理化性质进行了分析,以确定啤酒的质量。双乙酰含量随酶浓度的增加而降低。样品中的二乙酰基含量分别降低了25%和15%,产品质量大大提高。
关键词:a-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶(ALDC);酿酒;双乙酰控制效果;研究
中图分类号:O657 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-2945(2020)30-0066-02
Abstract: The effect of α-acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) on the content of diacetyl in beer was studied. ALDC is known to
reduce diacetyl by bypassing the diacetyl formation pathway. Here, beer is brewed under the condition of adding ALDC. Free amino nitrogen (such as valine) has the opposite effect on the formation of diacetyl. The ALDC of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 unit/mL was added to the sample and the physical and chemical properties of the beer were analyzed to determine the quality of the beer. The content of diacetyl decreased with the increase of enzyme concentration. The diacetyl content in the sample was reduced by 25% and 15% respectively, and the product quality was greatly improved.
Keywords: α-acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC); wine making; diacetyl control effect; study
引言
双乙酰是一种风味化合物,由微生物代谢而成,存在于葡萄酒、奶酪和啤酒等发酵食品中。然而,啤酒中双乙酰的存在是不可取的,因为它的黄油味道。啤酒中双乙酰的阈值为0.1~0.15μg/mL,采用多种方法对其进行降低或消除。可通过使用不同菌株的投料酵母、控制投料率、在麦汁中添加缬草碱或控制麦芽汁的含量来控制麦汁的含量。
1 调节氨基酸与发酵糖的比例
a-乙酰乳酸被细胞内转化为valine或排泄,并通过非常慢的非酶反应(13)而脱羧为双乙酰。通过双乙酰休息,少量的剩余酵母再吸收虫草中的双乙酰,并通过酵母还原酶将其还原为风味较弱的乙酰丙酮和丁二醇。然而,At-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶(ALDC)是由一株改良的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilisis)生产的酶,不存在于沥青酵母中,它可以绕过双乙酰生成或减少双乙酰生成,直接将α-乙酰乳酸转化为乙酰丙酮。本研究采用ALDC对啤酒中的双乙酰进行还原,并与传统的陈酿啤酒进行了比较。……
