公共危机事件背景下图书馆在虚假新闻防范中的作用研究
2020-10-20李淑敏李琪
李淑敏 李琪


摘 要:公共危机事件中的虚假新闻会引起社会恐慌,影响社会安定,但当前国内仍缺乏针对公共危机事件中虚假新闻的防范与教育,图书馆在其中的作用也尚未被重视。文章对虚假新闻的概念进行了界定,分析了公共危机事件中虚假新闻的产生原因及影响,基于对美国图书馆在虚假新闻防范与应对的案例研究,提出了我国图书馆应对虚假新闻、参与虚假新闻治理的借鉴经验及建议。
关键词:公共危机事件;虚假新闻;图书馆;媒介素养
中图分类号:G251 文献标识码:A DOI:10.11968/tsyqb.1003-6938.2020069
The Role of Library in Prevention on Fake News under Public Crisis Background
Abstract Fake news in public crisis events will cause social panic and affect social stability. However, there is still a lack of prevention mechanics and education practice for fake news in public crisis events in China, and the role of libraries this kind of function has not been taken seriously. Firstly, the concept of fake news was defined, the causes and effects of fake news in public crisis events were analyzed, and then the cases of American libraries in the prevention and response to fake news were studied and experiences were extracted from them. Their practice provides reference for Chinese libraries to respond to fake news, participate in the governance of fake news, and develop related services.
Key words public crisis; fake news; library; media literacy
1 引言
隨着现代化进程的加速,人类已经进入“风险社会”时代[1],公共危机事件背景下图书馆在虚假新闻防范中的干预作用成为重要的研究课题。帮助用户防范虚假信息、甄别有效信息、提供有用信息,是实现图书馆功能定位的应有之义;在新冠肺炎疫情影响之下,各类图书馆在虚假新闻防范方面既有针对虚假新闻本身进行甄别的应急性工作,也有面向用户进行信息素养教育的长效性工作,包含在其中的作用方式、作用机制需要及时进行梳理。
当前新冠肺炎疫情的影响仍在持续发酵,对于图书馆来说,参与虚假新闻防范工作有利于快速响应新环境下的新需求,更好地实现自身公共价值和使命。图书馆应当适应时代的变化和要求,将虚假新闻防范教育纳入图书馆的工作框架,承担起提升公众虚假新闻识别防范能力的重任。此外,对于广大图书馆用户来说,应对复杂信息环境将是未来必备的个人能力之一。……
