张春艳 束龙仓 程艳红 张帅领

摘 要：岩溶含水系统水流运动规律的研究对岩溶地区水资源可持续利用和经济发展具有重要意义。物理模型一定程度上可以随意设置不同的试验条件及水文情景，是研究岩溶水流运动规律的有效工具之一。利用自行设计研制的裂隙网络-管道双重介质物理模型，设置3种不同的补排关系、6个不同的泉口直径、3个不同的含水层倾角，研究落水洞水位变化规律。结果表明：补给大于排泄、含水层无倾角时，落水洞水位呈对数曲线趋势上升;补给大于排泄、含水层有倾角时，落水洞水位变化可用二次函数描述;补给小于排泄、含水层无倾角时，落水洞水位呈阶梯状下降，且阶梯个数与层面裂隙条数相等;补给小于排泄、含水层有倾角时，落水洞水位呈直线下降。同一泉口直径，无论含水层有无倾角，落水洞水位下降可由同斜率、不同截距的直线簇表达。

关键词：落水洞水位;裂隙网络;管道;双重介质;水文情景

中图分类号：P641.73文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2020.06.010

Experimental Study on the Responses of Groundwater Level Changes in the

Sinkhole on Different Hydrology Scenarios

ZHANG Chunyan1， SHU Longcang2， CHENG Yanhong3， ZHANG Shuailing4

（1.College of Geosciences and Engineering， North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power， Zhengzhou 450046， China;

2.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering， Hohai University， Nanjing 210098， China;

3.State Grid Henan Electric Power Company， Zhengzhou 450052， China;

4.Central China Electric Power Engineering Corporation Limited， Zhengzhou 450007， China）

Abstract：The study on the groundwater flow is essential to the sustainable development of water resources and economy in the karst areas. The physical model is an effective way to investigate the changes of karst groundwater flow because it can be changed according to the experiments conditions and hydrological scenarios. A physical model of fractures network-conduits was built. Three different hydrological scenarios， six different diameters of discharge outlet and three different angels of the aquifer layer were set to investigate the response of groundwater level to these different conditions. The results show that the groundwater level in the sinkhole increased as log curve when the recharge is more than discharge and the aquifer is horizontal， while it is quadratic curve when the aquifer is not horizontal. The groundwater level is decreased as steps line when the recharge is less than the discharge and the aquifer is horizontal under different diameters of the spring outlets， while it decreases as straight line when the aquifer is not horizontal. The groundwater level can be depicted as a group of straight lines under the condition of the same spring outlet diameter whether the aquifer has an angel or not.

Key words： groundwater level in sinkhole; fractures network; conduits; dual-media; hydrological scenarios

岩溶含水系統通常具有孔隙的多重性、入渗过程的多重性以及排泄过程的多重性[1]，从而导致岩溶含水系统的高度非均质性，因此传统的地下水流运动规律（如达西定律）在岩溶含水系统中不再适用，野外试验等传统的水文地质学方法在岩溶含水系统中也难以应用[2-3]。在孔隙介质中通过地下水位观测井，可以准确地连续观测到地下水位变化，然而相同的方法在岩溶含水系统中不再适用，近距离分布的观测井可能得到随机分布的不同观测数据，但差值可能达到几米甚至十几米，更有甚者，打在岩石中的观测井则无法观测到水流运动，无法达到试验目的[4-5]。……