冯吉 刘海生 刘雁征 焦有权 杨林林 韩敏琦

摘 要：为明确滴灌系统片式灌水器流道内水流及颗粒物的运动特性，借助两相流模型对灌水器内部水流运动特征和颗粒物输移特性进行计算与分析。研究表明：沿着水流前进的方向，压力呈现均匀降低的阶梯状变化规律，流体流动整体呈现主流区与非主流区的分区运动特征，在流道结构突变处是流道消能的最主要部位，颗粒相速度稍低于水相。灌水器流道内部颗粒物的整体跟随性良好，但灌水器流道近壁面颗粒物的跟随性明显优于中心区，齿尖附近颗粒物的跟随性最差。

关键词：滴灌;片式灌水器;水流;颗粒物;运动特性

中图分类号：S275.6文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2020.06.032

Analysis of Fluid Movement Characteristics Inside the Flat Emitter of Drip Irrigation System

FENG Ji1， LIU Haisheng2，LIU Yanzheng， JIAO Youquan1，YANG Linlin1，HAN Minqi1

（1.Department of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering， Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture， Beijing 102442， China;

2.College of Water Resources， Shenyang Agricultural University， Shenyang 110866， China）

Abstract：In order to clarify the movement characteristics of water flow and particulate inside the flat emitter flow path， a two-phase flow model was used to calculate and analyze the characteristics of the water flow and the characteristics of particulate matter transport in the emitter. The research shows that along the direction of water flow， the pressure shows a step-like change pattern of uniform decrease. The fluid flow as a whole shows the movement characteristics of the mainstream and non-mainstream areas. The particle phase velocity is slightly lower than that the water phase. The overall followability of the particulate matter in the emitter flow path is good， but the followability of the particulate matter near the wall of the flow path is significantly better than that in the center area， and the followability of the particulate matter near the tooth tip is the worst. The research provides a theoretical basis for designing drip irrigation products with high anti-blocking performance.

Key words： drip irrigation; flat emitter; water flow; particulate matter; movement characteristics

大力發展农业高效节水灌溉技术是缓解我国水资源短缺问题的有效途径之一[1-2]。在滴灌系统中，灌水器（也称滴头）是关键部位之一，其作用是使系统管路中的有压水流在通过其内部过水结构后充分消能，然后以稳定、均匀的定流量直接滴入作物根部附近的土壤[3]。由于灌水器流道狭窄（一般为0.5～1.2 mm），结构复杂，因此易受水中的悬浮物、溶解盐、微生物等杂质影响而堵塞。堵塞问题是制约滴灌技术应用推广的最大障碍，也是影响滴灌系统使用寿命和应用效益的决定性因素[4-5]。众多专家学者研究表明：水源中的固体颗粒物的存在是导致滴灌系统堵塞的直接因素[6-8]。虽然利用各种工程措施可以有效地控制水中悬浮微粒含量，但不可能将其完全清除，粒径较小的部分颗粒必然会进入灌水器流道。……