胡平 严淑青 石萍 郑兆勇 林丽茹

摘要：广东省作为海洋强省，海洋经济总量连续多年居全国首位，不断助力海洋强国建设。海洋生态环境的有效保护是海洋经济高质量发展的重要前提，文章在分析广东省近年来海洋生态环境状况、面临的机遇和挑战的基础上，提出海洋生态环境保护的建议，主要包括：健全源头管控，制定各类型入海排污口管控措施，实施动态监管;开展入海江河整治，减少入海营养盐负荷，逐步建立“河长制”和“湾长制”的衔接机制;加强用海风险防范，严控海洋环境风险，构建事前防范、事后管控、事后处置的全过程海洋生态风险防范体系;实施洁净海岸带工程，强化海洋生态修复，提升公众亲海岸线的生态空间品质;强化海洋资源高效利用，坚持海洋经济绿色发展，加快推动海洋经济高质量发展;推动人才队伍建设，保障监测技能提能增效，提升全省海洋环境监测信息化水平。

关键词：广东省;海洋生态环境;保护对策

Abstract：As a strong maritime province，Guangdong has ranked first in the country in terms of marine economic aggregate for many years in a row，constantly helping to build a maritime power.The effective protection of marine ecological environment is an important prerequisite for the high-quality development of marine economy.Based on the analysis of the marine ecological environment status，opportunities and challenges in Guangdong Province in recent years，this paper put forward some suggestions on marine ecological environment protection，which included： improving source control，formulating control measures for all types of sewage outlet into the sea，and implementing dynamic supervision;carrying out the regulation of rivers entering the sea，reducing the load of nutrients entering the sea，and gradually establishing the linking mechanism of “river length system” and “bay length system”;strengthening  prevention of marine risks，strictly controlling marine environmental risks，and building a preventive system of marine ecological risks in the whole process of pre-prevention，post-control and post-disposal;implementing the clean coastal zone project，strengthening marine ecological restoration，and improving the ecological space quality of the public;strengthening the efficient use of marine resources，and accelerating the high-quality development of the marine economy;promoting the construction of talent team，ensuring the improvement of monitoring skills and efficiency，and improving the informatization level of marine environmental monitoring in the province.

Key words：Guangdong Province，Marine ecological environment，Protection countermeasures

2018年广东省海洋生产总值为19 326亿元，连续24年位居全国首位。海洋为沿海经济带的发展提供了各类有利条件，海洋生态环境的有效保护是海洋经济高质量发展的重要前提。广东省大陆海岸线位居全国首位，海岸带开发活动密集，入海污染源数量众多，公众亲海需求日益增长，海洋生态环境保護工作面临压力和挑战。

1 海洋生态环境特征

1.1 海洋生态环境状况

根据2018年《广东省生态环境状况公报》[1]，海水水……