李珊 徐伟 刘淑芬

摘要：随着社会经济的发展和海洋资源开发利用水平的提高，海上人工构筑物呈现种类、数量和规模都迅速增长的态势。但目前我国大部分海上构筑物尚未纳入统一的管理体系，导致管理权限不清和管理环节缺位。文章分析我国海上构筑物管理的现状和存在的问题，从海洋管理实践出发，对海上构筑物管理进行有益探索，提出在协调众多涉海部门的基础上，从审批、登记、竣工验收、弃置管理、事中事后监管等方面，解决最紧迫的管理需求，先易后难地完善海上构筑物管理的缺位环节，逐步建立和完善海上构筑物管理制度体系，更好地服务于海洋经济建设。

关键词：海上构筑物;海域使用管理;措施

Abstract：With the development of social economy and the improvement of technological level of exploitation and utilization of marine resource，the types，quantity and scale of artificial structures on the sea are increasing rapidly.However，at present，most of the offshore structures have not been incorporated into the unified management system，the regulatory authority for marine structures is not clear，and a number of management links are missing.This paper analyzed the current situation and existing problems of offshore structure management in China，made a useful exploration of the management of offshore structures from the practice of marine management，and put forward that on the basis of coordinating many maritime-related departments，the most urgent management needs were solved from the aspects of approval，registration，completion acceptance，disposal management，after-the-fact supervision，etc.，and that the management of offshore structures should be improved first and later，gradually establishing and perfecting the management system of offshore structures，better service to marine economic construction.

Key words：Marine structures，Sea use management，Measures

隨着社会经济的发展和海洋资源开发利用技术水平的提高，海洋资源开发日益向深海、远海拓展，海上人工构筑物呈现出种类、数量和规模都迅速增长的态势。但是，目前大部分海上构筑物尚没有纳入统一的管理体系，海上构筑物的管理权限不清，多个管理环节缺位，废弃构筑物得不到及时清理，生态修复工作浮于表面、流于形式等。作为最重要的海洋开发利用平台，海上构筑物用海具有数量多、规模大、用海活动集中等特点，加之构筑物对海域自然属性造成一定程度的改变，且部分构筑物用海占用一定的岸线，因此科学、规范地管理海上构筑物是促进海洋经济可持续发展，实现海洋强国战略的重要基础性工作。……