倪春丽 何美贤 罗丽卿

摘 要 广东发展现代服务业催生高端卓越人才需求。高职毕业生作为基层岗位卓越人才的主要来源群体，需要提高职业适应力以应对产业升级挑战。本研究在前期现代服务业高职毕业生职业适应力调查基础上展开分析，提出高职学生历练不足、高校卓越人才培养体系建设滞后、企业人性化管理水平有待提高是产生问题的主要原因，进而围绕职业适应力的五大维度，针对高职毕业生、用人单位以及高职院校三类主体，提出有助于提升高职毕业生职业适应力的相应对策。

关键词 职业适应力 现代服务业 高职 卓越人才

中图分类号：G712                                 文献标识码：A  DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdks.2020.05.085

Abstract The development of modern service industry in Guangdong has given birth to the demand for high-end outstanding talents. As the main source group of excellent talents in grassroots posts， higher vocational graduates need to improve their professional adaptability to meet the challenges of industrial upgrading. Based on the investigation of vocational adaptability of modern service vocational college graduates in the early stage， this study points out that the main reasons for the problems are the lack of experience of vocational college students， the lag of the construction of the excellent talents training system in colleges and universities， and the improvement of the human-oriented management level of enterprises. Then， focusing on the five dimensions of vocational adaptability， the study focuses on the three categories of vocational college graduates， employers and vocational colleges， this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to improve the vocational adaptability of vocational college graduates.

Keywords professional adaptability; modern service; higher vocational college; excellent talents

1 廣东现代服务业高职毕业生职业适应力调查

1.1 调查背景

根据广东省经济社会发展规划，至2020年，广东将建设成为全国现代高端服务业发展高地，现代服务业增加值占服务业增加值比重达到63%左右。现代服务业总体上具有三新、三高特征。三新即新技术、新业态、新方式，三高即高人力资本含量、高技术含量、高附加值。[1]产业变革催生卓越人才需求，此种卓越人才不仅指高级技术人才、高级管理人才，在组织机构扁平化、项目化、轻量化的发展趋势下，执掌终端运营实体的基层管理人才亦应囊括在内。以新零售行业为例，行业巨头苏宁公司计划 2020 年前开设“苏宁小店”3000 家、深圳百果园推出“万店”计划，这些企业急需大量“懂零售+懂电商”的新零售店长人才。从人力资源市场运行情况来看，高职院校是占比最大的塔底人才供给源，然而从近两年有关院校“店长班”等卓越人才培养实践情况来看，基层卓越人才培养达成率尚未达到预期。……