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?衡阳地区果园土壤Cd分布特点及其对果品的影响?

2020-09-02王春发李宏祥张红罗柳青刘代理罗赛男吴家梅黄益国

湖南农业科学 2020年7期

王春发 李宏祥 张红 罗柳青 刘代理 罗赛男 吴家梅 黄益国

摘 要:为探究衡阳地区果园土壤重金属Cd含量及其果实(柑橘类、葡萄类、桃和猕猴桃等)对Cd的富集情况,以衡阳3个区与7县(市)果园土壤及其果实为研究对象,检测了不同果园土壤和果实中Cd的含量以及土壤pH值,并利用SPSS软件分析土壤和果实Cd积累之间的相关性。结果表明:各县(市)、区果园土壤中Cd含量范围在0~1.39 mg/kg;在垂直分布土层中,Cd污染较重的土层为0~20 cm,其次为20~40 cm和40~60 cm;T检验结果显示,果实对土壤Cd的富集能力表现为猕猴桃<柑橘类<葡萄类<桃,而各柑橘品种对土壤Cd积累无显著相关性。

关键词:柑橘;葡萄;桃;猕猴桃;Cd;果品;衡阳

中图分类号:X53文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-060X(2020)07-0061-04

Abstract: In order to explore cadmium content in orchard soil and cadmium accumulation in fruits (citrus, grape, peach, kiwifruit, etc.), the orchard soil and fruit samples of 7 counties (cities) and 3 districts of Hengyang were used as research objects, the content of cadmium and pH value in different orchard soils and fruits were measured, and the correlation between cadmium accumulation in soil and in fruit was analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the contents of cadmium in orchard soils ranged from 0 to 1.39 mg/kg in the counties (city) and districts; in the vertical distribution soil layer, the soil layer with heavy cadmium pollution was 0 to 20 cm, followed by 20 to 40 cm and 40 to 60 cm. The results of T test showed that the concentration ability of fruit to soil cadmium was kiwifruit < citrus < grape < peach, but there was no significant correlation between different citrus varieties and soil cadmium accumulation.

Key words: citrus; grape; peach; kiwifruit; cadmium; fruit; Hengyang

镉(Cadmium,Cd)是动植物非必需的有毒重金属。土壤中Cd含量较高会使植物生长受到胁迫,如植物组织或器官积累Cd达0.11 mmol/L,可造成植物细胞DNA损伤及代谢紊乱,影响植物的光合作用,同时会加速植物衰老、降低农产品品质[1]。Cd容易通过土壤—植物体系迁移并进入食物链,进而导致人体慢性中毒或引发人体器官癌变,对人体健康构成重大威胁。

土壤中Cd的来源主要是工业生产的“三废”、农药化肥等农业投入品使用、大气干湿沉降等[2]。衡阳是全国有名的有色金属之乡,农田重金属污染较为严重。在现代饮食结构中,果蔬占比很大。为确保果品安全,促进果业健康发展,试验通过对衡阳地区不同果园土壤及不同种类水果果实Cd含量的监测,分析土壤和果品中Cd含量的富集情况,为衡阳地区果园土壤环境保护和果品安全生产提供参考。……

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