?喷施中量元素水溶肥对甘蓝产量、品质及效益的影响?
2020-09-02舒勇董春华
舒勇 董春华



摘 要:通过田间小区试验,探讨了喷施中量元素水溶肥对甘蓝产量、品质及效益的影响。结果表明:在移栽后的15、25、35 d,用60 g/667m2中量元素水溶肥对清水60 kg/667m2喷施整个植株,相比“常规施肥+清水”处理和“常规施肥”处理,分别使甘蓝产量提高6.2%和7.3%,增加收入296.5和320.4元/667m2;同时,喷施中量元素水溶肥显著提高了甘蓝的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和VC含量,显著降低了其硝态氮含量。该施肥措施简单实用,增产提质增效明显,建议在甘蓝生产上推广应用。
关键词:中量元素水溶肥;甘蓝;喷施;产量;品质;效益
中图分类号:S635文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-060X(2020)07-0058-03
Abstract: The field plot experiments were arranged to explore the effect of spraying medium element water-soluble fertilizer on the yield, quality and profit of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). The results showed that 15, 25 and 35 days after transplanting, each 900 g medium element water-soluble fertilizer was applied with 900 kg fresh water per hectare in whole plant spraying, which increased the yield of cabbage by 6.2% and 7.3%, and increased the income by 4 447.5 yuan/hm2 and 4 806 yuan/hm2 in comparison with spraying water+conventional fertilization, and conventional fertilization, respectively; furthermore, it significantly increased the soluble protein, soluble sugar and VC contents of cabbage, and significantly reduced nitrate nitrogen content. The operation of spraying medium element water-soluble fertilizer on cabbage is simple and practical with obvious increases in yield and quality, which is recommended promotion in cabbage production.
Key words: medium element water-soluble fertilizer; cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.); spraying; yield; quality; profit
甘藍(Brassica oleracea L.)是我国常见的食用叶菜类蔬菜,具有抗突变及抗癌效应,是深受消费者喜爱的叶菜之一[1]。结球甘蓝对养分需求量较大,养分均衡对于提高其产量和品质具有十分重要的意义[2]。但由于片面追求高产,大量甚至过量施用氮肥的现象十分普遍。过量施肥导致的硝酸盐含量偏高,已成为制约结球甘蓝品质提升的重要因素[3-4]。
中量元素是指植物生长所必需的、需要量中等的元素,如钙、镁、硫等,一般占干重的0.2%~1.0%。中量元素水溶肥与大量元素肥料搭配使用,可弥补作物因缺素而引起的生理病害,使作物吸收的养分更全面,品质更优,营养价值更高[5-6]。笔者在指导生产时发现,湖南省不少甘蓝种植基地存在钙、镁、硫等中量元素缺失现象,严重影响甘蓝的正常生长,导致其产量和质量下降。为提高甘蓝产量与品质,课题组于2017年在岳阳县麻塘镇蔬菜基地进行中量元素水溶肥作叶面肥的肥效试验,旨在探索中量元素水溶肥对甘蓝产量、品质及效益的影响,为中量元素水溶肥在甘蓝生产上的推广应用提供依据。……
