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?桑树修复镉污染农田的效果及桑树各部位镉含量调查

2020-09-02蒋诗梦李章宝黄仁志蒋勇兵秦志雄王明曹慧

湖南农业科学 2020年7期

蒋诗梦 李章宝 黄仁志 蒋勇兵 秦志雄 王明 曹慧

摘 要:为了探明不同污染程度农田种植桑树后,农田土壤和桑树内镉含量随栽植年限的延长而发生的变化,在长株潭地区选取3个地点进行长期取样调查。结果表明:在Cd含量为风险筛选值之上的农田种植桑树,栽植3 a,土壤pH值明显升高,土壤Cd含量明显降低,但仍处于风险筛选值之上;生长至10月下旬、11月上旬,桑树各部位Cd含量分布表现为叶>根>枝;多年生木本植物桑树,随着栽植年限的增加,各部位富集Cd的能力逐渐下降;结合前期试验结果进行推测,桑树在超过风险管控值的农田种植3 a后,可以实现安全利用。

关键词:桑树;镉污染农田;土壤镉含量;植株镉含量;安全利用

中图分类号:S888 文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-060X(2020)07-0054-04

Abstract: In order to find out the changes of cadmium content in soil and mulberry trees (Morus alba L.) with the extension of their planting years in farmlands at different pollution levels, three sites were selected for long-term sampling survey in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Area. The results showed that 3 years after mulberry trees being planted in the farmland with Cd concentration above the risk screening value, the soil pH value increased significantly and the soil Cd concentration decreased significantly, but it was still above the risk screening value; from the end of October to the first ten days of November, the distribution of Cd concentration in different parts of mulberry was leaf > root > branch; with the increase of planting years, mulberry, as a perennial woody plant, presented a declining ability of Cd accumulation in different parts; speculated from the preliminary test results, mulberry trees could be safely used in raising silkworm after 3 years of planting in the farmland which exceeds the risk control value.

Key words: mulberry (Morus alba L.); cadmium contaminated farmland; soil cadmium content; plant cadmium content; safe utilization

根據2019年全国农田土壤污染治理暨长江经济带生态修复与产业扶贫技术交流会专家报告可知,我国污染耕地已有0.1亿hm2,农田土壤受重金属污染现象突出,约占重金属总污染面积的40%。土壤污染的现状推动了土壤修复行业与技术的发展。国内外有许多技术与经验可供借鉴与参考,包括物理、化学和植物修复技术,其中植物修复具有技术和经济上的双重优势,但也存在不足之处[1]。例如:超富集植物龙葵、三叶鬼针草等吸收能力强,但为草本植物[2-3],生长周期短,生物量小,大面积推广需要加强栽培技术研究与种子繁育。木本植物生物量大,但富集能力有限[4]。

还有学者提出,草本与木本联合修复可有效提高农田土壤重金属复合污染的修复效率[5],还能改善污染土壤的环境质量[6]。

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